足踝部肌腱损伤的MSCT诊断

目的:探讨足踝部肌腱损伤的MSCT诊断价值,提高对足踝部肌腱损伤的认识,避免漏诊。方法:回顾分析自2009年1月至2010年12月临床疑诊足踝部肌腱损伤的32例患者,其中男24例,女8例;年龄23～68岁,平均43岁;外伤后局部均出现疼痛、压痛、软组织肿胀及功能障碍或伴有骨折。所有病例经手术、MRI、双侧对照或随访证实。外伤后7d内完成MSCT检查,2名高年资CT诊断医师在不知结果的情况下分别评估肌腱的异常,意见不一致时协商确定。结果:失访5例,纳入研究27例,最终证实肌腱损伤23例(31处),4例未见异常。按肌腱数(总243条)计算,CT共诊断35处异常,其中误诊4处,CT诊断敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为88.8%(31/35)、98.1%(208/212)和98.4%(239/243)。其中肌腱脱位11处,表现为肌腱部分或全部离开肌腱沟;肌腱卡压13处,横断面显示肌腱1/2及以上横断面嵌插于骨折缝内,7处VR显示肌腱位于骨折缝内,走形迂曲,6处表现为骨折缝较宽,肌腱仍可显示但与骨折缝关系密切(2处误诊);骨片嵌插4处,横断面表现为骨片部分位于肌腱内,VR显示骨片嵌入肌腱,局部较模糊(1处误诊);肌腱完全断裂4处,横断面表现为断裂处肌腱缺如或伴有周围脂肪间隙模糊,VR显示肌腱连续性中断,长轴方向上肌腱短缩(1处误诊);肌腱损伤3处,横断面表现为肌腱增粗,密度减低,边界不清,周围脂肪间隙模糊,VR显示肌腱增粗,密度减低,结构模糊。结论:足踝部MSCT检查(薄层横断面结合VR评价)能很好地诊断肌腱脱位、肌腱卡压、骨片嵌插、肌腱完全断裂、肌腱损伤等外伤性病变,具有较高的临床应用价值。

MSCT diagnosis of foot and ankle tendon injury

Objective:To study the MSCT features and diagnosis of foot and ankle tendon injury and improve the recognition to avoid the missed. Methods:From January 2009 to December 2010,32 patients suspected of foot and ankle tendon injury were enrolled and included 24 males and 8 females with an average age of 43 years ranging from 23 to 68 years. All patients had pain,tenderness,swelling or disfunction in the diseased foot and were finally confirmed with surgery,MRI,contralateral contrast and followed-up. The MSCT was performed with a multi-detector CT scanner (Emotion 6; Siemens) within 7 days after injury. Two experienced radiologists evaluated the tendon abnormalities before told the outcome. Results:With 5 patients lost,the final study included 27 patients. Thirty-one tendon injuries were finally confirmed in 23 cases. Thirty-five tendon abnormalities were diagnosed on CT images among all 243 tendons but 4 of them were misdiagnoses. The CT overall diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy was 88.8% (31/35),98.1% (208/212),and 98.4% (239/243). Eleven tendon dislocations showed as the tendon partially or completely off the tendon groove. Thirteen tendon entrapment showed no less than half section of the tendon embedded the fracture in the axial images,and 7 tendons located in the fracture gap or 6 tendons closely related with widened fracture in VR images (2 misdiagnosis). Four bone chip insertion showed the chip inserted in the tendons both in the axial images and VR images (1 misdiagnosis). Four tendon ruptures showed discontinuity and shortening of the tendon (1 misdiagnosis). Three tendon injuries showed thickening,density reduction and blurring of tendons,and misty surrounding fat space. Conclusion:With comprehensive MSCT examination (thin-slice scanning and volume rendering) of foot and ankle,the tendon dislocation,tendon entrapment,bone chip intercalation,and tendon rupture/ injury could be confidently diagnose.