Persistence of antibodies six years after booster vaccination with inactivated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090, Vienna, Austria;2. Federal Ministry of Health, Austria;3. Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090, Vienna, Austria;4. Berlin Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany;1. Epidemiological Unit, Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition, Colombo, Sri Lanka;2. Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Chengdu Institute of Biological Products, Chengdu, China;4. PATH, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;2. Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France;3. Inserm U1117, Paris, France;4. Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, France;5. Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;6. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d’Orsay, Orsay, France;7. Kantha Bopha IV Children''s Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;8. National Children''s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam;9. Yangon Children''s Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar;10. French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France;11. International Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;12. French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoi mmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institute, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France;13. Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital, Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos;14. National Children''s Hospital, Vientiane, Laos;15. National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar;p. National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam;q. Laboratory for Pathogen Discovery, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;r. Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France;s. Unité des Virus Émergents, Marseille, France;t. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK;u. Université Paris Cité, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France;v. Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals, UMR 2000, Paris, France;1. Berlin Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany;2. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Research/University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Internal Medicine, Section Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany;3. Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany;4. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland;5. Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria;6. Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany;7. Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Rostock Medical School, Rostock, Germany;8. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl – a GSK company, Siena, Italy;9. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl – a GSK company, Marburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
BackgroundJapanese Encephalitis (JE) virus occurs in wide regions of Asia with over 3 billion people living in areas at risk for JE. An estimated 68,000 clinical cases of JE occur every year, and vaccination is the most effective prophylactic measure. One internationally licensed vaccine containing the inactivated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 is Ixiaro® (Valneva, Austria). According to recommendations, basic immunization consists of vaccinations on day 0, day 28, and a booster dose 12–24 months later. Protection in terms of neutralizing antibody titers has been assessed up to 12 months after the third dose of the vaccine. The current investigation was designed to evaluate antibody decline over time and to predict long-term duration of seroprotection after a booster dose.MethodIn a preceding trial, volunteers received basic immunization (day 0, day 28) and one booster dose against JE 15 months later. A follow up blood draw 6 years following their booster dose was carried out in 67 subjects. For antibody testing, a 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50-test) was used. PRNT50 values of 10 and above are surrogate levels of protection according to WHO standards.ResultSeventy-six months following the booster dose, 96% of the tested subjects had PRNT50 titers of 10 or higher. Geometric mean titer (GMT) was 148 (95% CI confidence interval: 107–207). Antibody titers were lower in volunteers 50 years of age and older. Vaccination history against other flaviviruses (yellow fever or tick borne encephalitis) did not significantly influence PRNT50 titers. A two-step log-linear decline model predicted protection against JE of approximately 14 years after the booster dose.ConclusionSix years after a booster dose against JE, long-term protection could be demonstrated. According to our results, further booster doses should be scheduled 10 years following the first booster dose. |
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| Keywords: | Japanese encephalitis vaccine Long-term protection Low responder |
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