Preclinical development of a dengue tetravalent recombinant subunit vaccine: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in nonhuman primates |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA;2. Hawaii Biotech Inc., 99-193 Aiea Heights Drive, Suite 200, Aiea, HI 96701, USA;3. Immune Design Corporation, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East #310, Seattle, WA 98102, USA;1. Private Consultant, 5824 Edson Lane, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA;2. 3237 Summer Wind Lane Highlands Ranch, CO 80129, USA;1. MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom;2. Sanofi Pasteur, 2 Avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon Cedex 07 69367, France;1. Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, China;2. Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China;1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;3. Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;4. Virology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;5. Department of Immunology and Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
We describe here the preclinical development of a dengue vaccine composed of recombinant subunit carboxy-truncated envelope (E) proteins (DEN-80E) for each of the four dengue serotypes. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies in Rhesus monkeys were conducted to evaluate monovalent and tetravalent DEN-80E vaccines formulated with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant. Three different doses and two dosing regimens (0, 1, 2 months and 0, 1, 2, and 6 months) were evaluated in these studies. We first evaluated monomeric (DEN4-80E) and dimeric (DEN4-80EZip) versions of DEN4-80E, the latter generated in an attempt to improve immunogenicity. The two antigens, evaluated at 6, 20 and 100 μg/dose formulated with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, were equally immunogenic. A group immunized with 20 μg DEN4-80E and Alhydrogel™ induced much weaker responses. When challenged with wild-type dengue type 4 virus, all animals in the 6 and 20 μg groups and all but one in the DEN4-80EZip 100 μg group were protected from viremia. Two out of three monkeys in the Alhydrogel™ group had breakthrough viremia. A similar study was conducted to evaluate tetravalent formulations at low (3, 3, 3, 6 μg of DEN1-80E, DEN2-80E, DEN3-80E and DEN4-80E respectively), medium (10, 10, 10, 20 μg) and high (50, 50, 50, 100 μg) doses. All doses were comparably immunogenic and induced high titer, balanced neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV. Upon challenge with the four wild-type DENV, all animals in the low and medium dose groups were protected against viremia while two animals in the high-dose group exhibited breakthrough viremia. Our studies also indicated that a 0, 1, 2 and 6 month vaccination schedule is superior to the 0, 1, and 2 month schedule in terms of durability. Overall, the subunit vaccine was demonstrated to induce strong neutralization titers resulting in protection against viremia following challenge even 8-12 months after the last vaccine dose. |
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| Keywords: | Dengue Envelope Subunit vaccine Immunogenicity Efficacy |
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