Fear-relevant illusory correlations in different fears and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;2. Center of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Germany;1. Research Center of the Ste-Justine University Hospital, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 90 avenue Vincent d’Indy, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9, Canada;4. Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Department of Psychology, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada;5. National Institute of Mental Health USA, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, 15K North Drive, MSC-2670, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, United States;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada;1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;1. Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;2. Children''s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;4. IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;5. Department of Pediatric and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;6. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt;7. Children''s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada |
| |
| Abstract: | Fearful individuals often overestimate the relationship between fear-relevant stimuli and aversive consequences. Such fear-relevant illusory correlations (ICs) might be involved in the maintenance of anxiety disorders. In this literature review, we found clear evidence that ICs are present and enhanced in fear of animals. We also revealed some evidence for ICs related to fear of flying, social anxiety, contamination fear, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, but with considerably less clarity. Fear-relevant ICs seem to be best explained by both a priori expectancies and biased encoding of the experienced associations. Studies to date suggest that one important biased encoding process is the enhanced aversiveness/salience of fear-relevant outcomes. Future studies may improve insight by developing more reliable IC measures and testing the effect of encoding processes on treatment outcomes. |
| |
| Keywords: | Illusory correlations Expectancy bias Covariation bias Fear Anxiety |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
