潜艇官兵社交回避及苦恼的心理社会因素研究

目的探讨导致潜艇官兵社交回避及苦恼的心理社会因素。方法对568名潜艇官兵进行量表测评,包括社交回避及苦恼量表、卡特尔16种人格因素问卷、生活事件量表、特质应对问卷、领悟社会支持量表、症状自评量表。数据采用SPSS15.0软件包进行统计分析。结果潜艇官兵社交回避(SA)和社交苦恼(SD)分值均显著低于国内大学生常模(SA:t=-3.28,P<0.01;SD:t=-2.24,P<0.05);不同衔级(SA:F=13.02,P<0.01;SD:F=5.58,P<0.01)、文化程度(SA:F=3.94,P<0.05;SD:F=3.77,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(SA:t=-5.22,P<0.01;SD:t=-2.63,P<0.01)潜艇官兵的社交焦虑状况比较存在显著差异;潜艇官兵社交回避及苦恼与个性、生活事件、特质应对、社会支持、心理健康水平有显著相关性;多元回归分析显示,人际关系敏感、敢为性、消极应对方式和兴奋性对社交回避行为的影响较大(标准回归系数依次为-0.274-、0.246、0.230-、0.227);敢为性、强迫症状、积极应对方式和敌对对社交苦恼情感的影响较大(标准回归系数依次为-0.332-、0.305-、0.300-、0.258)。结论个性、生活事件、特质应对、社会支持和心理健康水平等心理社会因素影响潜艇官兵社交回避及苦恼。

Study on Psychosocial Factors of Social Avoidance and Distress in Submariners

Objective To explore psychosocial factors of social avoidance and distress in submariners.Methods A total of 568 submariners were evaluated by Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD),Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors(16PF),Life Event Scale(LES),Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Data were analyzed with SPSS15.0.Results The scores of social avoidance(SA:t=-3.28,P<0.01)and social distress(SD:t=-2.24,P<0.05)were all lower in submariners than in Chinese university students norm;There were significant differences on social anxiety in the different rank groups(SA:F=13.02,P<0.01;SD:F=5.58,P<0.01),in the different education groups(SA:F=3.94,P<0.05;SD:F=3.77,P<0.05),in the different marital status groups(SA:t=-5.22,P<0.01;SD:t=-2.63,P<0.01) of submariners;The scores of SA and SD were correlated to personality,life events,trait coping style,social support and mental health;It was showed in the multiple correlation regression analysis that interpersonal sensitivity,boldness,negative coping,excitability made greater contribution to social avoidance(standardized coefficients were-0.274,-0.246,0.230,-0.227 in turn),boldness,obsessive-compulsive disorder,positive coping,hostility made greater contribution to social distress(standardized coefficients were-0.332,-0.305,-0.300,-0.258 in turn).Conclusion Personality,life events,trait coping style,social support and mental health affect social avoidance and distress in submariners.