母体钙代谢与补钙对妊娠的影响

妊娠期缺钙严重影响母婴的安全健康 ,其原因是由于妊娠期母体钙代谢发生变化 ,使母体血清游离钙离子浓度降低 ,血清铅浓度增高。有关研究表明 ,母体缺钙导致血铅竞争性过高 ,使胎儿身长、体重均小于胎龄儿 ,胎儿宫内发育迟缓的发生率增高 ,甚至发生早产、死胎等。同时发现血清钙离子可能对内源性一氧化氮合成释放起调节作用 ,而内皮素是最强的缩血管物质之一 ,母体补钙可调节一氧化氮与内皮素的平衡 ,从而降低妊高征的发生率。因此孕期补充钙剂是非常重要的。

The effects of maternal calcium metabolism and supplementation of calcium preparation on pregnancy

Calcium deficiency during pregnancy can seriously affect maternal and fetal safety and health. This is because that maternal calcium metabolism changes during pregnancy, which causes serum calcium level to decrease and serum lead level to increase. The relating researches have indicated that maternal calcium deficiency during pregnancy can result in fetal elevated serum lead level, which causes shorter fetal length and lower weight than those of normal fatuses at same gestational age and fetal intrauterine growth retardation, even higher incidence of premature delivery or fetal death. Meanwhile, it is also shown that serum calcium ion may play a regulating role in synthesis and release of endogenous NO, while endothelin(ET) is one of the most potent vasoconstrictor substances. Maternal calcium supplement ation can regulate the balance between NO and ET, and consequently decrease incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension. Therefore, it is very important to supplement calcium preparation during pregnancy.