非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者患病相关因素比较

目的 调查和比较非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的年龄、性别、发病季节以及相关环境因素的差异.方法 收集2010年1-8月在门诊首次确诊的NAR患者111例与AR患者112例,通过调查问卷详细记录患者的一般资料、病史经过及患病相关因素.采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 相对于AR而言,NAR随着年龄增加患病人数有增加的趋势.NAR的好发年龄为21～30岁,而AR的好发年龄处于11～20岁.在18岁以上成年人中,NAR和AR患者的平均年龄((-x)±s)分别为(38.6±14.5)岁和(32.8±13.0)岁,差异有统计学意义(t=2.58,P=0.024).NAR在30岁前以男性居多,30岁后则女性病例数上升;而AR患者在20岁前以男性居多,20岁后则以女性多见.NAR在冬季高发(χ2=27.57,P=0.000),AR则高发于春季(χ2=13.75,P=0.003);冬季NAR的发病例数明显多于AR(χ2=12.34,P=0.000).在相关环境因素中,居住地或工作场所靠近交通干道者NAR的发病风险是AR的1.94倍,而居住地或工作场所位于建筑物底层或每天日照<2 h者AR的发病风险分别是NAR的1. 77倍和1.91倍.当患者有过敏性疾病个人史或家族史时,可使AR的发病风险升高至NAR的2.14～4.06倍.NAR患者自报的发病诱因主要为温度变化(56.3%)、经常上呼吸道感染(52.8%)、气候改变(32.4%)和刺激气味(31.1%)等,但与AR患者比较,这些非特异性诱发因素差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 NAR与AR患者在年龄、性别和发病季节分布,个人和家族过敏史,以及某些与发病相关的环境因素等方面存在明显差异.

Comparison of risk factors between patients with non-allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis

Objective To investigate and describe the differences in age, sex, seasonality distribution, and related environmental factors between patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods One hundred and eleven patients with NAR and 112 patients with AR were enrolled in this study. All patients were first diagnosed in outpatient department between January and August 2010. Questionnaires were distributed to all participants to record the general information, medical history, and the factors relevant to symptom onset. Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS13.0 software. Results The proportion of patients with NAR increased with age, compared to patients with AR.The peak age was 21 -30 years old in patients with NAR, whereas 11 -20 years old in patients with AR. In adults more than 18 years old, the average age (years, -x±s) of patients with NAR (38.6 ± 14. 5) was significantly higher than those with AR (32. 8 ± 13.0; t =2. 58, P =0. 024). NAR was more likely to be males before 30 years old, while after 30 years old, it likely to be female predominance. The same case occurred in AR subjects but in their 20 years old. NAR was symptomatically worse in winter (χ2 = 27. 57,P = 0. 000), whereas AR worse in spring (χ2 = 13. 75, P = 0. 003). The cases of NAR were significantly more than those of AR during the winter season (x2 = 12. 34, P = 0. 000). Among the disease-related environmental factors, living or working place near the traffic artery had 1.94-fold increased risk for development of NAR compared with AR; however, living or working in ground floor or sunshine time less than 2 h per day had 1.77- or 1.91-fold increased risk for development of NAR compared with NAR.Subjects with personal or family history of allergic disease had 2. 14 to 4. 06-fold increased risk for development of AR compared with NAR. The self-reported predisposing factors in NAR patients were mainly including temperature shift (56. 3%), common cold (52. 8%), climate change (32. 4%), and strong odors (31.1%). However, there were no significant differences in these nonspecific triggers between NAR and AR (all P > 0. 05). Conclusion There are significant differences in the distribution of age, sex and seasonality, personal and family history of allergic disease, and some environmental factors relevant to the onset of symptom between patients with NAR and AR.