小鼠和人胚胎鼻咽发育解剖形态学比较研究

目的　比较人与小鼠胚胎鼻咽部的解剖学和组织学差异，为研究一些鼻咽部疾病发病机制提供参考资料。 方法　用组织学方法观察E9-28周人胚胎及E9.5~19.5 d C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎鼻咽结构及粘膜形态。 结果　 人胚胎鼻咽部呈不规则的立方形，顶后壁呈约120°的弧形；鼻咽部富含皱襞、隐窝及淋巴组织。小鼠鼻咽部是一个接近直线的弧形管腔，无淋巴组织及隐窝等结构。人胚胎鼻咽粘膜早、中期主要是假复层纤毛柱状上皮被覆，只有少量过渡上皮及复层鳞状上皮存在。小鼠胚胎鼻咽粘膜全部为假复层纤毛柱状上皮。 结论　人与小鼠胚胎鼻咽解剖学和组织学差异，可能导致他们对某些疾病易感性不同。

An anatomical and morphologic comparison of the nasopharyngeal development in mice and human fetuses

Objective　This paper compared the anatomy and histology of nasopharyngeal development in mice and human, providing references for the study on pathogenesis of diseases of the nasopharynx.　Methods　We investigated the structure and mucosal morphology of the nasopharynx in human fetuses during embryonic 9-28 weeks and mouse fetuses during embryonic 9.5~19.5 days by histology.　Results　The nasopharynx of human fetus manifested as an irregular cube with a 120-degree arc-shaped posterior wall. There were many foils, crypts and lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx of mice manifested as an arc lumen with an approximately straight line. There was not crypt or lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. Most of mucosae in the nasopharynx were pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with a small amount of stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium in human fetuses of embryonic 13-28 weeks. All of the nasopharyngeal mucosae in mouse fetuses were pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.　Conclusion　The differences of anatomy and histology of nasopharyngx in mice and human fetuses may lead to different susceptibilities to some diseases.