早产儿脑损伤的相关因素分析

目的 分析早产儿脑损伤的影响因素.方法 对2006年1月至2007年10月我院收治的出生时胎龄小于36周的268例早产儿在生后7 d内行头部B超检查.并分析相关临床资料.结果 130例早产儿存在脑损伤,脑损伤的发生率为48.5%,其中脑室出血116例,发生率为43.3%,脑室周围日质软化38例,占14.2%.轻度和重度脑损伤发生率分别为23.5%、13.6%.脑损伤发生与下列因素有关:胎龄小、低出生体质量、窒息、肺透明膜病、呼吸暂停、呼吸衰竭、肺出血、低血糖、感染、低血压、凝血异常、胎膜早破以及宫内感染.结论 脑室出血以及脑室周围白质软化在早产儿中比较常见,其发生与多种因素有关.临床上应避免或治疗引起脑损伤的因素,头部B超可对早产儿脑损伤做出早期诊断.

An analysis of related risk factors in preterm infants with cerebral injury

Objective To evaluate the related risk factors in preterm infants with cerebral injury. Methods A total of 268 cases whose gestational age less than 36 weeks had cranial ultrasound scans between 0 to 7 days after birth from January 1, 2006 to October 31,2007, and their clinical data were reviewed. Results One hundred and thirty patients (48.5 %) were diagnosed cerebral injury, total incidence of intraventricular haemorrhge and periventricular leukomalacia were 43.3% (116/268) and 14.3% (38/268) respectively. The incidence of cerebral injury was correlated with low birth weight, prematurity, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, apnea, respiratory failure, pulmonary haemorrhge, anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, infection, premature rupture of membrane, low gestaional age at birth and ventilation. Conclusion The incidence of preterm brain injury are related to many factors. Risk factors of cerebral injury should be prevented in clinical practice and cranial ultrasound scans are required for early diagnosis of preterm cerebral injury.