Adoption of a biometric screening service in community pharmacies: A qualitative study |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;Assistant Dean for Health Services and Director, Auburn University Pharmaceutical Care Center, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;Department of Management, Raymond J. Harbert College of Business, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA;Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration, and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University;Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Senior Research Fellow, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Journal of the American Pharmacists Association;Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California–San Francisco;School of Pharmacy, University of California–San Francisco, at the time this study was conducted; currently Executive Pharmacist, Target Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA;School of Pharmacy, University of California–San Francisco, at the time this study was conducted; currently Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;School of Pharmacy, University of California–San Francisco, at the time this study was conducted; currently Executive Team Leader—Pharmacy, Target Pharmacy, San Bernardino, CA;School of Pharmacy, University of California—San Francisco, at the time this study was conducted; currently Executive Pharmacist, Target Pharmacy, Riverside, CA;Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, and Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California–San Francisco;College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH;College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH;College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
ObjectiveTo explore differences in perceived attributes of biometric screening services and organization characteristics among community pharmacies that adopt, outsource, or do not adopt biometric screening services that assess patients’ blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and body mass index.DesignQualitative, comparative analysis.SettingIndependently owned community pharmacies in Alabama.Participants25 key informants from community pharmacies were classified as adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters of biometric screening services. Pharmacies using in-house staff to conduct screenings are referred to as adopters; those using external staff are referred to as outsourced adopters.Main outcome measuresPerceived attributes of the screening service and organizational characteristics identified through emergent theme analysis based on the Diffusion of Innovations Model and Model of Innovation Assimilation.ResultsThe screening service was perceived differently by adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters. Adopters saw the opportunity to increase revenue and expand the role of the pharmacist in health care by offering the service. Adopters also perceived the service to be compatible with their pharmacy layout and organizational identity; simple to implement; modifiable in terms of experimentation with models of service delivery; and visible by external constituencies (which positively affects pharmacy image). In contrast, nonadopters felt the amount of time, investment, and lack of potential patients associated with the service influenced their decision not to adopt it. Adopters and nonadopters differed in regard to their innovativeness in patient care services, their connectedness in professional networks, and how they make sense of and deal with the uncertainty of new programs. Outsourced adopters were similar to adopters but were more cautious in their decision making.ConclusionPerceived attributes of the screening service and organizational characteristics differed among adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters. |
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