健康教育对糖尿病住院患者营养知信行的影响

目的评估健康教育对糖尿病住院患者营养知识-态度-行为(KAP)水平的影响,为今后在临床更好开展糖尿病健康教育提供依据。方法将新入院的糖尿病患者分为两组:青壮年组(年龄小于60岁)和老年组(年龄大于60岁),应用自制问卷进行调查,比较两组糖尿病患者接受健康教育前后的营养KAP水平。结果无论青壮年组还是老年组,初入院糖尿病住院患者营养KAP水平低,接受健康教育后两组患者的营养KAP水平均显著提高,前后对比差异有统计学意义;尤其对"糖尿病患者控制总能量的摄入"、"控制食盐摄入量"、"少食多餐"以及"食物交换份"等几项营养知识知晓率提高明显,两组糖尿病患者治疗饮食执行率也分别由72.2%、67.6%提高到94.4%、81.1%。结论健康教育是改善糖尿病住院患者营养KAP的有效方法,对老年糖尿病患者同样适用,建议将健康教育作为糖尿病住院患者临床治疗中的一项常规措施。

The effects of health education on knowledge,attitude and practice among hospitalized patients with diabetes

Objective To assess the effects of health education on knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP） among hospitalized patients with diabetes so as to provide evidence for carrying out health education in the clinical in future.Methods The newly hospitalized patients with diabetes were classified into group 1（patients younger than 60 years） or group 2（patients older than 60 years）.All patients were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire before and after health education.The KAP levels of nutrition were compared between the two groups.Results After health education,the KAP level of nutrition among hospitalized patients with diabetes was significantly increased in both young and elderly groups.As for ＂control of total energy＂,＂control of salt intake＂,＂eat less in more meals＂ and ＂food exchange share＂,knowledge level increased significantly in particular.Therapeutic diet consumption rate of two groups of patients improved from 72.2% and 67.6% to 94.4% and 81.1%,respectively.Conclusion The health education is an effective measure to improve the KAP level of nutrition among hospitalized patients with diabetes,and it is also suitable in elderly patients with diabetes.We propose implemeting health education in hospitalized patients with diabetes as a routine clinical treatment measures.