仿真环境下医学器官的三维有限元建模方法

背景：通过医学影像图片数据进行三维重建的模型主要应用于医学临床分析，而采用激光扫描进行逆向重建时建立的模型主要用于生物力学分析。生物力学模型建立的精确程度，直接影响分析结果。 目的：分析采用医学影像图片数据和三维激光扫描重建医学器官模型的两种方法及意义。 方法：①通过人体CT断层扫描医学影像图片数据，并运用医学重建软件进行三维重建。②采用三维激光扫描仪对医学模型进行扫描得到点云数据，再利用逆向处理软件实现医学器官模型的逆向重建。 结果与结论：两种方法都可以建立符合人体解剖结构、可进行生物力学仿真计算的几何模型和有限元模型。医学影像CT/MRI数据重建的三维模型，能够真实再现被扫描对象的表面特征及内部结构，该模型为临床辅助诊断、手术规划、整形、假肢设计及解剖教学等方面提供了可靠的参考模型。三维激光扫描所得点云数据进行逆向重建，具有测量精度高、速度快，能够反映所测标本的表面形态，该模型可在交通运输、军事领域中因发生钝性冲击对人体内部器官造成的损伤进行计算机仿真分析。

Three-dimensional finite element modeling method of medical organs in simulation environment

BACKGROUND:The three-dimensional reconstructed model by medical images data is mainly applied to clinical analysis, while the reverse reconstructed model by laser-scanning is usually used in biomechanical analysis. The accuracy of biomechanical model establishment directly affects the analysis results. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the reconstruction methods and significance of medical organ model by medical images data and three-dimensional laser-scanning. METHODS:①The three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by medical reconstruction software based on human CT scanned images. ②Point cloud data of medical models analyzed by three-dimensional laser scanner were used to reverse reconstructing medical organ model with reverse treatment software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both the two methods can build geometric model and finite element model accorded with human anatomy structure for biomechanical simulation calculation. The three-dimensional model reconstructed by CT/MRI images truly reproduced the surface characteristics and internal structure of cases being scanned, which could be used as a reliable model in clinical diagnosis, surgical planning, shaping, prosthetic design, and anatomy teaching. The reverse reconstructed model by point cloud data analyzes with laser-scanning could show the case surfaces. It could be used in computer simulation analysis of human organs blunt impact by transportation and military.