宁波地区50岁及以上人群白内障流行病学调查

目的调查宁波地区50岁及以上人群白内障患病率、手术情况及白内障盲社会负担率,评价宁波地区防盲治盲工作效果。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,于2015年3月至2016年7月在宁波地区随机抽取50岁及以上人群6059人作为调查对象,予以问卷调查、视力、眼压、电脑验光、裂隙灯显微镜、眼底镜检查。分析白内障的患病率,评估主要致盲眼病,并分析不同因素对白内障患病率的影响。结果实际5448位受检者中白内障患者1265例,患病率为23.22%。高龄、户外工作、沿海社区、糖尿病人群白内障患病率明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。在236眼行白内障手术中,213眼接受白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术,术后日常生活视力≥0.7占28.81%,白内障盲手术覆盖率为85.11%,白内障盲社会负担率为1.73%。结论宁波地区白内障手术覆盖率较高,接受白内障手术人群多。今后宁波地区的防盲工作不但要提高白内障手术数量,而且要努力提高手术质量。

An epidemiological survey of cataract among adults aged 50 or above in Ningbo

Objective　To estimate the prevalence of cataract，the outcomes of cataract surgery and the rate of cataract blindness social burden among adults aged 50 or above in Ningbo and evaluate the efficacy of the prevention blindness program.Methods　A total of 6059 individuals aged 50 and above were randomly selected in Ningbo from March 2015 to July 2016 by using the method of random cluster sampling.To assess the prevalence of cataract and the causes of major blinding ophthalmopathy,all the participants received the questionnaire survey,visual acuity,intraocular pressure,computer optometry,slit lamp microscope and fundus examination，followed by analysis of the influence of different factors on the prevalence of cataract.Results　In 5448 individuals,there were 1265 individuals of cataract patients,with the prevalence of cataract was 23.22%.Advanced age,outdoor occupation,coastal area,diabetes had statistically significance on the prevalence of cataract (all P<0.05）.In 236 eyes undergoing cataract surgery,213 eyes were performed with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation,Postoperative visual acuity more than 0.7 was 28.81％．The cataract surgical coverage rate was 85.11％,and the cataract blindness social burden rate was 1.73％．Conclusion　The cataract surgical coverage rate is high and the number of people receiving cataract surgery is larger in Ningbo.Not only increases the number of cataract surgery in prevention blindness program,but also the quality of the cataract surgery should improve in the future in Ningbo．