辅助生殖技术常见的伦理问题及管理

随着辅助生殖技术的广泛应用,由此引发的伦理问题日益增多。因涉及到卵子、精子及胚胎,故辅助生殖技术需要更加注重生命伦理道德及法律行为。针对辅助生殖技术中常见的伦理问题:精子捐赠、卵母细胞捐赠、冻存胚胎在夫妻离异或死亡情况下的处理、高龄、代孕及多胎妊娠与减胎的伦理冲突等问题进行讨论,寻求从法律保障、规范管理、伦理监督、行业自律4个方面全面解决这些问题, 促进我国辅助生殖技术的健康有序发展,使辅助生殖技术的研究和应用惠及民生。

Common ethical issues on assisted reproductive technology and their management

The widespread use of assisted reproductive technology(ART)has resulted in an increasing number of ethical issues. As ART involves eggs, sperm and embryos, more attention should be paid to life ethics and legal behaviors. This article discusses common ethical issues in ART, including sperm donation, egg donation, disposal of frozen embryos in the case of divorce or death of a married couple, advanced age, gestational surrogacy, ethical conflict of multiple pregnancy and fetal reduction. From perspectives of legal guarantee, standardized management, ethical supervision and industry self-discipline, we seek to deal with these issues, in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of ART in China, and make ART research and application benefit patients livelihood.