苏州市0～14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征分析

目的了解苏州市0～14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征,为家长和学校提供针对性教育和预防指导提供依据。方法以苏州市姑苏区和吴江区为代表,采用复杂抽样方法选择4 989名0～14岁儿童,由其主要照料人填写伤害发生情况问卷,分析描述伤害发生次数、时间和地点等三间分布情况。结果在过去12个月中,儿童伤害总体发生率为7.7%,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)为6.9%～8.4%,随年龄增长呈下降趋势(χ~2=5.06,P=0.025),随月份变化呈增长趋势(χ~2=28.51,P<0.001)。所有儿童伤害中,跌落伤(65.5%)、头面部伤害(45.3%)、家庭伤害(59.5%)最多,休闲玩耍(32.2%)时最容易发生伤害。81.3%的儿童伤害程度轻,45.4%的伤害由医务室处理,9.7%伤害恢复后仍影响美观。低年龄儿童易在休闲玩耍时发生头部的跌落伤或烧烫伤,其中女童易在家庭发生伤害;高年龄儿童易在体育运动和家务时发生下肢伤害,其中男童在学校更容易发生伤害。结论不同年龄别性别儿童的伤害流行病学特征不同,应就各自特点采取针对性的预防措施。

Analysis of injury epidemiological characteristics in children aged 0-14 years in Suzhou

  Objective  To investigate the epidemiologic features of injuries in children aged 0-14 years in Suzhou, so as to provide targeted education and prevention guidance for parents and schools.  Methods  Complex sampling was used to choose 4 989 children aged 0-14 years in Gusu and Wujiang districts in Suzhou. The primary caregivers filled out an injury occurrence questionnaire to analyze the distributions of injury numbers, occurrence time and locations.  Results  In the past 12 months, the overall incidence of children injuries was 7.7%, with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 6.9%-8.4%. The incidence tended to decrease with age (χ2=5.06, P=0.025), however, increase with monthly increase (χ2=28.51, P<00.001).Of all types of children injuries, the incidence of fall was highest (65.5%). Head and face injuries were the most common (45.3%). Most of injuries occurred at home (59.5%) and during leisure play (32.2%). 81.3% of the injuries were slight, and 45.4% of the injuries were dealt with infirmaries. 9.7% of the injured children recovered with aesthetics impact. Young children were more likely to experience head fall or burn injuries during leisure play. Young girls were more likely to experience injuries at home. However, older children were more likely to have lower limb injuries during sports and housework. Older boys were more likely to be harmed at school.  Conclusions  Different age and gender children had different injury epidemiological characteristics. Specific preventive measures should be taken according to their characteristics.