Association between family history of cancers and risk of prostate cancer |
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| Authors: | Gayathri Sridhar Saba W. Masho Tilahun Adera Viswanathan Ramakrishnan John D. Roberts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Suite 5030, P.O. Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA;2. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;1. Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany;3. Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;1. Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA;4. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden;6. Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 and;4. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047;1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;2. Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;3. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;4. Department of Dental Radiology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;5. Department of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;6. Department of Molecular Oncology, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan;1. Public Health England Knowledge and Intelligence Team (South West), Bristol, UK;2. Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit. Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK;3. North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionFamily history of prostate cancer is an established risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the relationship between family history of cancers other than prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk is inconclusive. This study sought to examine the association between family history of cancers and prostate cancer.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in which cases and controls were randomly selected from a large urology clinic in Central Virginia. Cases were 600 histologically confirmed prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2005, and controls were 686 patients who visited the clinic during the same period and were diagnosed with urological illnesses other than cancers and prostate-related problems. Data on family history of cancers, lifestyle and demographic factors were collected through mail survey utilizing the method suggested by Dillman. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for potential confounding factors including body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, diet, history of vasectomy and sexually transmitted disease (STD), age, race, marital history, education, and income. Multiple comparisons adjustments were made using the Bonferroni adjustment.ResultsMen with a family history of any cancer in first-degree relatives including parents (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.53–3.84) and parents only (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.23– 2.94) were at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Significant increased risk was also observed with family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.53–4.69) and parents only (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.71–6.24). Even after adjustments for multiple comparisons, the significance persisted both in first-degree relatives (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.16–6.21) and parents alone (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.24– 8.63).ConclusionThis study demonstrated an increased prostate cancer risk for men with a family history of any cancer or prostate cancer in first-degree relatives and parents alone. Health care providers need to be aware of the potential risk of family history of cancers on prostate cancer. |
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