肿瘤内科患者医院感染危险因素分析及对策

目的 探讨肿瘤内科住院患者医院感染危险因素及预防措施,以便采取有效控制措施.方法 采用前瞻性和回顾性调查方法,对医院2008年1月-2010年12月肿瘤内科5691例住院患者,进行医院感染调查分析.结果 3年医院感染率平均为6.22％,例次感染率为7.17％；其中肺癌、食管癌、肝癌患者感染率最高,分别为21.51％、19.14％、7.01％;医院感染例次的部位以呼吸道为主,占53.67％;革兰阴性菌为主要病原菌,占45.48％；医院感染的主要因素是:年龄、放疗、化疗、慢性基础疾病、侵入性操作及应用糖皮质激素、抗菌药物、免疫抑制剂等.结论 肿瘤内科住院患者医院感染危险因素较多,医务人员在治疗和护理过程中,充分重视危险因素,重点监控,加强管理,采取有效措施,防止医院感染的发生.

Risk factors for nosocomial infections in tumor patients and countermeasures

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors and preventive measures for nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in tumor department.so as to take effective control measures.METHODS By the means of the prospective and retrospective survey,nosocomial infections in 5691 hospitalized patients in tumor patients from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 were investigated and analyzed.RESULTS The average rate of nosocomial infections was 6.22% during the 3 years,the case-time infection rate was 7.17%;the infection rates of the patients with lung cancer,esophageal cancer and liver cancer were 21.51%,19.14% and 7.01%,respectively;the respiratory system(53.67%) was the major site with infections;gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens,accounting for 45.48%;the age,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,chronic underlying disease,invasive operation,application of glucocorticoid,application of antibiotics and immunosuppressant were correlated with nosocomial infections.CONCLUSION There were so many risk factors correlated with nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in tumor department,during the process of treatment and nursing,we should pay attention to the risk factors and the monitoring,intensify the management,and take effective measures so as to prevent nosocomial infections.