Transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Neurophysiological mechanisms and behavioral effects |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium;1. Human Motor Control Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan;2. Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan;1. Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;2. Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA;1. Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza n. 35, Milano, Italy;2. Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono n. 7, Milano, Italy;3. III Clinica Neurologica, Polo Ospedaliero San Paolo, Via Antonio di Rudinì n. 8, Milano, Italy;1. Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany;2. Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy;3. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom;4. Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany;5. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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| Abstract: | Recent research has highlighted the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to complement rehabilitation effects in the elderly and in patients with neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). TDCS can modulate cortical excitability and enhance neurophysiological mechanisms that compensate for impaired learning in PD. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the effects of tDCS on neurophysiological and behavioral outcome measures in PD patients, both as a stand-alone and as an adjunctive therapy. We systematically reviewed the literature published throughout the last 10 years. Ten studies were included, most of which were sham controlled. Results confirmed that tDCS applied to the motor cortex had significant results on motor function and to a lesser extent on cognitive tests. However, the physiological mechanism underlying the long-term effects of tDCS on cortical excitability in the PD brain are still unclear and need to be clarified in order to apply this technique optimally to a wider population in the different disease stages and with different medication profiles. |
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| Keywords: | Transcranial direct current stimulation Parkinson's disease Neuroplasticity |
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