心脏手术后消化道出血44例临床分析

目的探讨心脏手术后并发消化道出血的诊断、处理和相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析1991年1月至2003年10月间8317例成人心脏手术后的44例消化道出血患者的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法分析死亡相关危险因素。结果消化道出血发生于术后2～11d,平均(6±3)d,病死率为23%(10/44)。上消化道出血者38例,其中保守治疗26例,死亡4例,与心脏手术后引起其他重要脏器损伤或心脏本身有关;行剖腹探查手术6例,死亡4例,其中1例死于败血症、3例死于多器官功能衰竭;胃镜下电灼或夹闭出血点止血6例,均存活。下消化道出血6例,其中2例行剖腹探查术中未发现出血点,后死于多器官功能衰竭。术后呼吸机依赖、急性肾功能不全、使用主动脉内球囊反搏和剖腹手术为消化道出血死亡危险因素。结论心脏手术后消化道出血病死率较高,对高危病例有必要采取预防措施;早期进行内窥镜下诊断、微创介入止血处理可取得较好的效果。

Clinical analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiac surgery

OBJECTIVE: To explore early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after cardiac surgery. METHODS: In the last 13 years, cases complicated with GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourty-four GI bleeding occurred post-operatively in (6 +/- 3) d. The mortality was 23% (10/44). Thirty-eight were located in upper GI tract, of them 26 underwent conservative therapy while 4 died of other than GI bleeding cause; six underwent laparotomy while 1 and 3 died of septicemia and multi-organ failure respectively; six underwent gastric endoscopic hemostasis by electrocautery or clipping the bleeding vessel while all survived. Six were located in lower GI tract, and 2 of them underwent laparotomy without finding bleeding section and died of multi-organ failure. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, deaths were highly related to the post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assisting and laparotomy. CONCLUSION: The mortality of GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries is very high, early gastrointestinal endoscopic examination and minimally invasive intervention can treat this complication more effectively. GI bleeding must be prevented whenever complicating post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, and IABP assisting after cardiac surgery.