核事件后持续低剂量辐射水平与人体健康效应的研究进展

日本福岛核事故后,核能、安全、健康是公众关注的焦点。核事件后环境中低剂量辐射水平的放射性核素将长期存在,环境本底的改变是否可能对当地居民的健康存在影响是当前研究的热点,研究人员对此进行了核事件后居民健康流行病学调查和低剂量辐射水平动物实验。本文仅就低剂量照射剂量阈值、放射性核素在人体内的吸收和分布,放射性核素致癌效应的分子机制,剂量-效应外推模型以及国外核事件后持续低剂量辐射水平的居民健康流行病学调查研究进展进行综述。

Research Progress on Health Impact of Low Dose Radiation after Nuclear Events

Nuclear energy, safety, and health have become of the public concern after Fukushima nuclear accident. For the accident, low-dose radionuelides are long-standing in the environment, and the change of environmental radiation background may affect the health conditions of local residents. Multiple epidemiologieal studies on residents＇ health conditions after the event and animal studies on low level radiation exposure have been reported. This article focused on the dose threshold of low dose radiation, absorbing and distribution of radionuclides in human body, molecular mechanism of radionuclides＇ carcinogenieity, and dose-effect extrapolation model. Research progress of epidemiological studies on residents＇ health conditions after other nuclear evems was also reviewed.