鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁切开上颌窦手术

目的报告经鼻完成鼻腔外侧壁切开并保留鼻泪管和下鼻甲，进入上颌窦的新方法及临床初步应用结果，并就手术方法和适应证进行探讨。方法12例住院手术患者，男9例，女3例；年龄42-68岁。术前或术中组织病理学确诊为上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤8例，鼻息肉2例，复发性上颌骨囊肿1例，上颌窦根治术后囊肿1例。2例肿瘤患者因随访少于12个月不计入疗效评定。所有患者术前接受鼻内镜及鼻窦CT扫描检查。6例肿瘤患者同期行鼻窦MRI检查。手术在全麻下进行。方法为在下鼻甲头端鼻腔外侧壁切开，解剖出鼻泪管后形成鼻泪管-下鼻甲瓣，内移后形成上颌窦入路，在鼻内镜直视下完成窦内病灶清除。术终复位下鼻甲和鼻泪管并完成下鼻道开窗。结果10例患者均为单侧发病，6例上颌窦内翻性乳头肿瘤Krouse分期均为13。术中见肿瘤起源于上颌窦，各壁均受累，前、内壁明显。2例鼻息肉累及上颌窦各壁。术后随访7～60个月，平均22个月，术腔上皮化，下鼻甲形态良好。1例术后6个月下鼻道上颌窦开窗口局部复发，局部清创后无复发。10例术后无溢泪等并发症。结论经鼻腔外侧壁切开并保留鼻泪管和下鼻甲进入上颌窦，为彻底切除上颌窦病灶及经上颌窦进入眶底和翼腭窝等提供一新的微创入路和方法。

Endoscopic nasal lateral wall dissection approach to maxillary sinus

OBJECTIVE: To report a new approach to maxillary sinus without ablation of nasolacrimal duct and inferior turbinate by endoscopic nasal lateral wall dissection (ENLWD). The preliminary clinical application results, the operative technique and indications were discussed. METHODS: Twelve hospitalized patients, aged from 42 years to 68 years, were enrolled in this paper, 9 patients were male and 3 were female. Among the 12 patients, 8 were inverted papilloma (IP), 2 were nasal polyps, 1 was Kubo's postoperative cyst of maxillary sinus (MS) and 1 was recurrent bone cyst of maxilla. Two IP patients were excluded from this group for the follow-up time was less than 12 months. Preoperative nasal endoscopy and CT scan were done in all patients, 6 patients with tumor also received MRI examination. The operation began with a mucosal incision in front of inferior turbinate (IT) and then the lacrimal duct (LD) was dissected, thus a IT-LD flap was formed. The MS lesion was removed under endoscope when the flap was replaced medially. The inferior antrostomy was performed when the flap was repositioned. RESULTS: All 10 patients were unilateral lesion. Six MS IP patients were T3 Krouse stage. The tumor was found originating from the every part of the MS wall in the operation, especially from the anterior and medial wall. The same situation was seen in 2 patients with nasal polyps. The follow-up ranged from 7 months to 60 months (average 22 months). The shape of IT was good, and well-epithelized operative cavities were observed. Only 1 patients of IP had a local recurrence in its inferior antrostomy 6 months after operation and no recurrence was seen after local debridement. All of them had no epiphora and other complications. CONCLUSIONS: ENLWD is a new and minimally invasive approach not only to MS, in which the lesion can be thoroughly removed, but also to orbital floor and pterygopalatine fossa without ablation of lacrimal duct and IT.