干细胞的基础研究及其临床应用前景

干细胞是一类较为原始的细胞群体，具有极强的更新复制和增殖分化能力，主要分为两大类，包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。近年来，随着科研人员对细胞研究的深入，造血干细胞、间充质干细胞、神经干细胞逐渐成为生物医学领域中极有价值的研究热点。随着干细胞分离、提取、纯化技术的不断发展，且因其特有的生物特性，干细胞在组织修复和再生医学上的应用获得突破性进展，并在临床治疗中发挥重要作用。除此之外，干细胞在药物研发、分子影像示踪以及3D支架等技术中也充当重要角色。针对干细胞在基础科学研究以及临床治疗的作用进行综述，为进一步深入干细胞疗法和提升干细胞研究技术提供参考。

Progress in basic research on stem cells and its clinical application prospects

Abstract: Stem cells, a kind of primitive cell population with strong ability of renewal, replication, proliferation and differentiation, are mainly divided into two categories, namely embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. In recent years, with the further in-depth research on cells, several kinds of cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells, have become valuable research topics in biomedical sciences. Because of the continuous development of stem cell isolation, extraction, purification technologies and the unique biological characteristics of stem cells, the application of stem cells in tissue repair and regenerative medicine has achieved breakthrough progresses, and they play an important role in clinical treatment. In addition, stem cells play a major role in drug development, molecular imaging, and 3D scaffolds. Herein the roles of stem cells in basic scientific research and clinical treatment are reviewed, so as to provide references for the further research on stem cell therapy and the development of techniques in stem cell research.