我国高校性骚扰的特征和原因

  目的  了解北京高校大学生对性骚扰的认知、态度、行为及影响因素，为高校开展防治性骚扰教育提供理论依据。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2019年3 — 5月抽取北京市6所高校的872名大学生作为研究对象，调查个人基本情况、性骚扰相关认知、态度、行为，应用χ²检验、多因素logistic回归等方法进行统计分析。  结果  北京高校大学生遭遇性骚扰的比例为59.52 %，女生遭遇性骚扰的比例（63.03 %）高于男生（55.45 %），差异有统计学意义（χ² = 5.182，P = 0.023）；对性骚扰的总认知率为96.19 %，正向态度总持有率为66.90 %，积极应对行为总持有率为70.64 %；大学生最希望通过网络教育方式获取性骚扰知识（78.10 %）。多因素分析结果表明，性别（OR = 5.730，95 % CI = 2.584～12.708），户籍属性（OR = 0.203，95 % CI = 0.088～0.468）是性骚扰良好认知的影响因素；性别（OR = 1.627，95 % CI = 1.191～2.221），户籍属性（OR = 0.705，95 % CI = 0.516～0.964），年级（OR = 2.517，95 % CI = 1.258～5.034），认知总分（OR = 1.226，95 % CI = 1.013～1.486）是性骚扰良好态度的影响因素；性别（OR = 0.560，95 % CI = 0.412～0.760），户籍属性（OR = 0.737，95 % CI = 0.543～0.999），父母感情（OR = 0.509，95 % CI = 0.357～0.725），态度总分（OR = 1.128，95 % CI = 1.068～1.191）是性骚扰良好应对行为的影响因素。  结论  大学生群体性骚扰发生率较高，对性骚扰缺乏系统认知，正向态度和应对行为欠佳。

Sexual harassment in academic institutions: a conceptual review

  Objective  To explore sexual harassment-related perceptions, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in Beijing city, and provide evidences for developing relevant health education programs for the students.  Methods  Totally 900 students from 6 colleges in Beijing city were recruited with stratified cluster random sampling and interviewed face-to-face with a self-designed questionnaire during March – May 2019. Chi-square test and logistic regression were adopted in statistical analysis.  Results  Among the 872 students with valid response, 59.52% reported ever having sexual harassment victimization and significantly more girl students reported the victimization than the boy students (63.03% vs. 55.45%, χ² = 5.182; P = 0.023). Of all the valid respondents, 96.19% reported being aware of sexual harassment; 66.90% and 70.64% reported positive attitude and coping behavior towards sexual harassment; and 78.10% expressed the willingness to acquire knowledge about sexual harassment via online education, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that about sexual harassment among the respondents: (1) better perception was related to gender (female vs. male: odds ratio [OR] = 5.730, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.584 – 12.708) and registered family residence (urban vs. rural: OR = 0.203, 95% CI: 0.088 – 0.468); (2) positive attitude was influenced by gender (female vs. male: OR = 1.627, 95% CI: 1.191 – 2.221), registered family residence (urban vs. rural: OR = 0.705, 95% CI: 0.516 – 0.96), schooling grade (graduate vs. freshman: OR = 2.517, 95% CI: 1.258 – 5.034), and total perception score (1.226, 95% CI: 1.013 – 1.486); and (3) appropriate coping behavior was impacted by gender (female vs. male: OR = 0.560, 95% CI: 0.412 – 0.760), registered family residence (urban vs. rural: OR = 0.737, 95% CI: 0.543 – 0.999), parental relationship (good vs. neither good nor bad: OR = 0.509, 95% CI: 0.357 – 0.725), and total attitude score (OR = 1.128, 95% CI: 1.068 – 1.191).  Conclusion  The prevalence of sexual harassment is high among college students and many of the students are lack of adequate cognition, positive attitude and appropriate coping behavior towards sexual harassment.