216例涂阳肺结核病人的临床特点分析

目的进一步掌握涂阳肺结核病人的临床特点，以采取更有效的防治措施。方法对2004～2005年9月的216例涂阳肺结核病例的资料和调查结果进行分析。结果本组病人特点为：（1）文化程度不高，初中以下以农民为主。（2）男性是女性的2．13倍。（3）年龄高峰男性在25和35岁组，女性则在25和15岁组；有71．3％涂阳病人是54岁以下青壮年；在15～35岁年龄段，女性病人多与男性。（4）44．9％病人确认有肺结核病人接触史。（5）病灶侵及两个肺野以上165例（76．4％），有干酪和空洞46例（21．3％）。合并糖尿病27例（12．5％），和伴有心脑血管疾病26例（12．％），伴其他慢性病16例（7．4％），同时有其他肺外结核6例（2．8％）。（6）216例涂阳病人按照卫生部统一化疗方案治疗，痰菌阴转率和治愈率均达到项目的要求。结论必须进一步加强农村和青壮年的肺结核病控制工作，有助于加快结核病的控制。

Analysis on characters of 216 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Objective To determine the characters of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis to provide scientific basis on treatment and control of the disease. Method The data of 216 patients during 2004 to September 2005 were analyzed. Results The cases had the following characteristics ： （ 1 ） Most of patients had the education background below junior high school and most of them were peasants. （2） The ratio of male to female was 2. 13. （ 3 ） The most frequent age groups were 25 and 35 in male and 15 and 25 in female ; （4） 44. 9% of patients were confirmed that they had contact history with TB patients. （5） 76. 4% patients had X-ray shadows in more than two fields of lungs. 21.3% of patients had cavitive in their X-ray film. 12. 5% of the patients had also diabetes, 12% had heart diseases and 7.4% had other types of chronic diseases. （6） 216 smear positive cases were treated according to the standard and met the targets of sputum conversion and cure rates. Conclusion It is helpful to strengthen the TB control work among rural and young adult population.