国内外药品价格和费用控制政策的比较研究

目的：比较国内、外药品价格和费用控制政策，为中国制订相关政策提供参考。方法：介绍国际上主要的几种药品定价方法，比较中、外药品定价方法的差别，并简述从供方和需方控制药品费用的方法。结果与结论：目前国际上主要实行成本加成定价、差别定价、国际参考定价、价值为基础的定价、价格谈判等多种定价方法。建议中国在制订相关药品政策时建立参考定价的参比国家群，并以此作为药品价格谈判的基准。此外，今后在制订基本药物目录和“医保”药品报销目录时需要广泛应用药物经济学的循证依据，开展药物经济学评价的研究。

Comparative Study on the Policies of Drug Price and Expenditure Control in China and Other Countries

OBJECTIVE： To compare drug price and expenditure control in China and other countries, and to provide reference for the formulation of related policies in China. METHODS： International main pricing methods were illustrated, and the differences of domestic and international drug pricing methods were compared and the methods of drug expenditure control were introduced from supply side and demand side. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS： International main pricing methods are cost-plus, differentiated pricing, external reference pricing, value-based pricing and price negotiation, etc. The author suggests that a reference countries basket should be established in China and used as benchmarking for drug price negotiation. Afterwards, when formulating the essential medicine list or drug reimbursement list, pharmacoeconomic evaluation should be carried out based on scientific evidence of pharmacoeconomics.K