职业接触1-溴丙烷对女工神经系统和血液及生化学的影响

目的 探讨1-溴丙烷(1-BP)对职业接触女工健康的影响.方法 对4个1-BP生严工厂进行职业卫生现场调查.按1:1比例选取年龄配对的接触组和对照组女工各71人.作业环境中1-BP的监测运用直读式检气管和个体采样器测定.对工人进行问卷调查、神经行为学组表测试、胫神经和腓神经电生理检查、振动觉检查、血常规、血生化和激素水平检查.结果 作业环境中1-BP的浓度为0～402.40 mg/m3(平均32.19 mg/m3),工人时间加权平均接触浓度(TWA-8 h)为0.35～535.19 mg/m3(平均14.08 mg/m3).与对照组相比,1-BP接触工人的运动神经传导速度(44.8±8.7)m/s]和感觉神经传导速度(45.5±4.9)m/s]下降,远端潜伏期延长(7.5±2.1)ms],足趾振动觉降低双足音叉振动延迟时间分别为(6.2±4.4)和(5.7±4.4)s],神经行为学POMS量表中愤怒情绪得分增高(21.0±5.5),紧张、疲劳、迷茫情绪得分降低(7.8±5.5、5.6±4.1、6.1±3.8),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,接触组白细胞(5.6±2.17)×103/μl]、红细胞(3.9±0.4)×106/μl]、血红蛋白(121.1±14.5)g/L]和肌酸磷酸激酶(82.0±27.5)IU/L均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血清总蛋白(8.0±0.5)g/dl]、乳酸脱氢酶(335.2±356.6)IU/L]、促甲状腺激素(3.6±2.3)μIU/ml]和尿促卵泡素水平(18.7±24.4)mIU/ml]明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 1-BP接触可能影响外周神经和中枢神经系统,并引起血液及生化学指标的异常.

Effects of 1-bromopropane on neurological and hematological changes of female exposed workers

Objective To investigate the health effects of 1-bromopropane(1-BP)on female exposed workers.Methods Four 1-BP manufacturing plants were investigated.Workers were interviewed with questionnaire and examined with neurobehavioral core test battery.nerve conduction velocity tests of nervus tibialis and nervus suralis.vibration sensation test,hematological and biochemical tests.Ambient 1-BP concentration was measured with detection tube.and time-weighed average levels of individual workers were estimated with passive samplers.Results 1-BP concentration in the plants ranged from 0 to 402.40 mg/m3(Geomean 32.19mg/m3).Time.weighted average exposure levels(TWA-8 h)ranged from 0.35 to 535.19 mg/m3(Geomean 14.08mg/m3).Compared with the control group.1-BP exposed workors showed reduced motor nerve conduction ve locity(44.8±8.7)m/s]and sensory nerve conduction velocity(45.5±4.9)m/s],prolonged distal latency(7.5±2.1)ms],reduced toe vibration perception,and altered neurobehavior parameters(POMS vigor,tension,anxiety,confusion)significantly(P＜0.05).As to hematological and biochemical indicators,the exposed workers showed decreased white blood cell count(5.6±2.17)×103/μl],red blood cell count(3.9±0.4)×106/μl,hemoglobin (121.1±14.5)g/L]and creatine kinase(82.0±27.5)IU/L](P＜0.05),and increased serum total protein(8.0±0.5 g/d1),lactate dehydrogenase(335.2±356.6)IU/L],thyroid-stimulating hormone(3.6±2.3)μIU/ml] and follicle-stimulating hormone level(18.7±24.4mIU/ml)(P＜0.05).Conclusion 1-BP exposurre may affect peripheral nerves and central nervous system.and lead to abnormal hematological and biomedical indicators.