Event-related fMRI studies of episodic encoding and retrieval: Meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation |
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| Authors: | Julia Spaniol Patrick S.R. Davidson Alice S.N. Kim Hua Han Morris Moscovitch Cheryl L. Grady |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3;2. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada;3. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada;2. Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;3. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX 76706, USA;4. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada;5. Department of Psychology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA;3. VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA;4. Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA;1. Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Unit of Neuropsychology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;3. Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Oslo, Norway;1. Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;2. Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
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| Abstract: | The recent surge in event-related fMRI studies of episodic memory has generated a wealth of information about the neural correlates of encoding and retrieval processes. However, interpretation of individual studies is hampered by methodological differences, and by the fact that sample sizes are typically small. We submitted results from studies of episodic memory in healthy young adults, published between 1998 and 2007, to a voxel-wise quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation [Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V., et al. (2005). A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 6–21]. We conducted separate meta-analyses for four contrasts of interest: episodic encoding success as measured in the subsequent-memory paradigm (subsequent Hit vs. Miss), episodic retrieval success (Hit vs. Correct Rejection), objective recollection (e.g., Source Hit vs. Item Hit), and subjective recollection (e.g., Remember vs. Know). Concordance maps revealed significant cross-study overlap for each contrast. In each case, the left hemisphere showed greater concordance than the right hemisphere. Both encoding and retrieval success were associated with activation in medial-temporal, prefrontal, and parietal regions. Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and medial-temporal regions were more strongly involved in encoding, whereas left superior parietal and dorsolateral and anterior PFC regions were more strongly involved in retrieval. Objective recollection was associated with activation in multiple PFC regions, as well as multiple posterior parietal and medial-temporal areas, but not hippocampus. Subjective recollection, in contrast, showed left hippocampal involvement. In summary, these results identify broadly consistent activation patterns associated with episodic encoding and retrieval, and subjective and objective recollection, but also subtle differences among these processes. |
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