农村留守儿童个性、抑郁症状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨农村留守儿童个性、抑郁症状及影响因素.方法 采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、流调用儿童抑郁量表(CES-DC)对270名7～16岁农村留守儿童和609名非留守儿童进行调查,比较2组儿童的个性和抑郁症状,并对留守儿童心理的影响因素进行相关回归分析.结果 留守儿童精神质、神经质得分分别为(5.25±2.56),(9.48±5.33)分,高于非留守儿童的(4.79±2.16),(8.10±4.97)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);留守儿童个性偏差检出率为64.4%,高于非留守儿童的47.6%(χ2=21.25,P<0.01);抑郁症状检出率为40.4%,高于非留守儿童的27.8%(χ2=13.78,P<0.05);CES-DC得分(18.24±8.65)分,高于非留守儿童的(15.85±7.45)分(P<0.01);相关分析提示,EPQ中精神质、神经质量表与CES-DC呈正相关(r=0.198,r=0.372,P<0.01);儿童性别、年龄、同伴交往、父母近亲结婚、家庭状况满意度、自我评价、学习成绩、与父母见面频率、父母期望、精神病家族史共10个变量影响着留守儿童的个性和抑郁情绪.结论 农村留守儿童的个性偏差和抑郁症状较突出,应开展有效的心理干预.

Personality and depressive symptoms and their influential factors in children left-behind in rural area

Objective To explor the personality,depressive symptoms and their relative factors among children left-be-hind in rural areas. Methods A survey was carried out in 270 children aged 7-16 years left-behind in rural areas and 609 non-left-behind with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC). Results Left-behind children had higher scores than non-left-behind children in P and N disemsion and CES-DC(P < 0.05, P < 0. 01). The prevalence of character limitations was significantly higher in left-behind children (64. 4%) than in non-left-behind group(47. 6% ;χ2 =21.25 ,P < 0. 01). The depressive symptoms score of the left-behind children was significant higher(40. 4%) than that of the non left-behind group(27. 8% ;χ2=13.78,P <0.01). Scores of EPQP and EPQN were positivey correlated with scores of CES-DC scale (r=0. 198, r=0. 372 ;P < 0. 01). Ten variables in- fluenceing the personality traits and depressive symptoms of children were age, sex ,peer interaction ,parents'expectation for children, consanguineous marriage of parents, satisfaction to family condition, self-estimate, academic achievement, frequency of meeting with the parents, and psychiatric history of family. Conclusion There are obviously character limitations and de-pression symptoms in children left-behind in rural areas. Efficient interference should be considered.