高校大学生体质指数变化趋势研究

目的了解大学生体质指数(BMI)变化趋势,分析其超重和肥胖发病率,为预防控制超重和肥胖,提高大学生群体的健康水平提供依据。方法采用队列研究,对北京市一所综合大学应用文理学院2004年入学的全部大学生每年进行一次身高、体重的测量,共4次,分析体质指数变化趋势,计算超重和肥胖累积人年发病率。结果男生和女生在入学时BMI分别为22.7±4.2 kg/m2、20.9±3.5 kg/m2,2005年BMI水平最低,分别为22.2±4.3 kg/m2、20.3±3.3 kg/m2(P0.05),2007年BMI水平最高,分别为24.1±4.5 kg/m2、21.2±3.5 kg/m2,且均显著高于入学时水平(P0.05)。与入学时相比,男生在第四年时低体重率显著降低(P0.05),超重和肥胖率显著升高(P0.05);而女生在第二年和第三年低体重率均显著升高(P0.05),正常体重者在第二年则显著减少(P0.05)。按照WHO判断标准和中国判断标准计算,超重和肥胖累积人年发病率分别为8.87%和11.10%。结论该校大学生超重和肥胖问题应该引起高度重视,应根据男生和女生不同特点开展针对性的健康教育,以提高大学生群体的健康水平。

A cohort study on trend of BMI of the college students

Objective To study the trend of the BMI of the college students, and to analyze cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, provide proofs for overweight and obesity controling and preventing and improve the college students＇ general health. Methods The statures and weights of college students who were enrolled in 2004 were measured each year, total four years, and the change trend of BMI and cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Results The means of BMI of boys and girls were 22. 7 ± 4. 2 kg/m^2 and 20. 9 ± 3. 5 kg/m^2 in 2004, decreased to 22. 2 ± 4. 3 kg/m^2 and 20. 3 ±3.3 kg/m^2 in 2005, and significantly increased to 24. 1 ±4. 5 kg/m^2 and 21.2 ±3.5 kg/m^2 in 2007 （P 〈 0. 05） respectively. Comparing with enrollment, the underweight rate of boys significantly decreased and overweight and obesity rate of boys significantly increased in 2007 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, while the underweight rate of girls significantly increased in 2005 and in 2006, and normal weight rate of girls significantly decreased （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity were 8. 87% and 11.10% according to the WHO and the Chinese BMI cut-off points respectively. Conclusion The problem about overweight and obesity of college students should be paid great attention, and corresponding health education should be developed in order to improve college students＇ general health.