作业治疗对恶性肿瘤患者生活质量影响的研究进展

近年来,恶性肿瘤患者的死亡率逐渐降低,但由于疾病本身及治疗带来的不良反应及并发症使患者的生活质量下降。作业治疗在提高恶性肿瘤患者的生活质量方面效果显著。评估肿瘤患者生活质量常用的量表包括通用生活质量评估量表、癌症特异性生活质量评价工具和特定癌症生活质量评价工具,这些量表均提供详细的评价方法,为后续治疗提供了依据。作业治疗可以有效改善癌症术后的疼痛,维持或提高患者的运动功能,提高日常生活活动能力,为家庭、社区环境改造提出意见,强化耐力与心肺功能,减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪,指导患者进行淋巴水肿相关训练,促进患者职业或教育的回归。但目前仍存在一定的问题,如康复普及程度不够、肿瘤治疗模式仍偏向于临床,康复治疗师的受教育程度不够等。

Advance in Effect of Occupational Therapy on Quality of Life of Patients with Malignant Tumors (review)

In recent years, the mortality rate of patients with malignant tumors gradually decreases, but brought low quality of life from the adverse reactions and complications. Occupational therapy plays a significant role in improving the quality of life of the patients with malignant tumors. There are many quality-of-life scales for evaluation, such as the general quality of life evaluation scale, cancer-specific quality of life evaluation tools and cancer-specific quality of life evaluation tools,which provide a basis for subsequent treatment. Occupational therapy may work to relief the pain after surgery, maintain or improve the motor function, the activities of daily living, strengthen endurance and cardiopulmonary function, reduce anxiety and depression, promote the return to work or school, for the family, provide suggestions for community environment adjustment, and guide the training for lymphedema. Some problems still remained, such as the insufficient rehabilitation service, the medicine-based model, and insufficient rehabilitation therapists.