信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果研究

背景　青少年抑郁症常症状不典型，患儿、患儿家属及社会对该病认识普遍不足，难以正确意识疾病危害，即便青少年想要接受治疗，也常受到家属的阻挠，导致无法规范治疗。目的　探究信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果。方法　选取2018年6-12月在南昌大学第二附属医院心身医学科治疗的90例抑郁症患儿的父母为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为A组（接受常规健康宣教）和B组（接受信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育），各45例。于基线时和干预12周后采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、自我感受负担量表调查两组患儿父母负性情绪和自我感受负担，于干预12周后采用自行设计的调查表调查两组患儿父母抑郁症疾病知识掌握情况。结果　基线时，两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预12周后，B组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。基线时，两组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预12周后，B组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。干预12周后，B组患儿父母疾病知识、家庭管理技术和复诊要求得分均高于A组（P<0.05）。结论　信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育能够改善患儿父母负性情绪，减轻其自我感受负担，极大促进患儿父母掌握抑郁症疾病知识，提升抑郁症患儿父母管理技能，优化抑郁症患儿家庭管理方案，有更高的复诊意愿。

Effect of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-based Health Education in Parents of Children with Depressive Disorders

Background　The impairment of depressive disorders is difficult to understand appropriately due to atypical manifestations commonly found in the diseased teenagers，as well as insufficient awareness of the disease in the diseased teenagers and their family members as well as the society.Even if some want to receive treatment，they often could not obtain standard treatment due to the impeding by their family members.Objective　To explore the effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills（IMB） model-based health education among the parents of depressive disorder teenagers.Methods　The parents of 90 teenagers with depressive disorders treated in Department of Psychosomatic Medicine，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were sampled from June 2018 to December 2018，and were randomly divided into group A （n=45，routine health education） and group B （n=45，IMB model-based health education）.The Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS），Zung Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS） and Self-perceived Burden Scale（SBS） were used to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression，and level of self-perceived burden，respectively，at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention.A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of depressive disorders at the end of intervention.Results　The mean standard scores of SAS and SDS decreased obviously in both groups after intervention（P<0.05），and greater declines were found in group B （P<0.05） although the baseline levels in the two groups were similar（P>0.05）.At baseline，there were no significant differences in the mean scores of physical burden，economic burden，emotional burden，family burden，social burden and psychological burden induced by caring between the two groups（P>0.05），but the mean scores of these 6 types of burdens were lowered more significantly in group B after intervention（P<0.05）.Furthermore，the mean scores of these 6 types of burdens declined obviously in both groups after intervention（P<0.05）.The post-intervention mean scores of levels of knowledge of depressive disorders，family management techniques and subsequent consultation criteria in group B were all higher than those in group A（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The IMB model-based health education may improve the negative emotions，levels of self-perceived burden，knowledge of depressive disorders，and skills of depressive management in parents of teenagers with depressive disorders.Moreover，the family management plan for the teenagers made by the parents may also be improved，and the level of intention of receiving further treatment of the teenagers may be increased，too.