老年原发性高血压病患者求医行为的性别差异研究

背景　近年来由高血压导致的死亡率逐年攀升,并呈现一定的性别差异,研究不同性别高血压患者的求医行为对解决这一问题有重要意义。目的　探寻不同性别老年高血压患者求医行为的影响因素,为更有效地控制社区高血压,提高患者生活质量提供理论依据。方法　于2016年5-8月,采用多阶段抽样法选择哈尔滨市南岗区和道里区年龄≥60岁的原发性高血压病患者367例进行问卷调查。调查问卷内容包括一般情况、健康相关认知及求医行为。比较不同性别老年原发性高血压患者求医行为及其他变量的差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析不同性别老年原发性高血压患者求医行为的影响因素。结果　共回收有效问卷343份（93.5%）。183例（84.7%）女性老年高血压患者有求医行为,94例（74.0%）男性老年高血压患者有求医行为,女性老年高血压患者的求医行为发生率高于男性,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.900,P=0.015）。322例（93.9%）老年高血压患者关注健康;>70%老年高血压患者对高血压疾病相关认知正确;老年高血压患者对高血压药物相关认知正确率不高。月收入、体检行为、是否关注健康、“血压控制不良引发冠心病”“血压高的时候吃药,正常就可以停药”认知是否正确是男性老年原发性高血压病患者求医行为的影响因素（P<0.05）。受教育程度、“高血压病不能完全根治”认知是否正确是女性老年原发性高血压病患者求医行为的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　城市老年高血压患者的求医行为形成的敏感因素存在性别差异,应对不同性别的干预敏感靶点开展更有针对性的高血压求医行为的干预措施。

Gender Differences in Health-seeking Behaviors among Elderly Patients with Essential Hypertension

Background　The mortality caused by hypertension has increased year by year with gender differences in recent years. It is of great significance to study the gender differences in health-seeking behaviors of patients with essential hypertension. Objective　To explore the influencing factors of health-seeking behaviors among elderly patients with essential hypertension of different genders,so as to provide a theoretical basis for more effective control of community hypertension and improving patients' quality of life. Methods　From May to August 2016,367 patients with essential hypertension aged≥60 in Nangang District and Daoli District of Harbin were selected by multi-stage sampling method for questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included general information,health-related cognition and health-seeking behaviors of patients. The differences of health-seeking behaviors and other variables among the elderly patients with essential hypertension of different genders were compared,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of health-seeking behaviors. Results　A total of 343（93.5%） valid questionnaires were collected. 183（84.7%） female and 94（74.0%）male elderly patients with essential hypertension had health-seeking behaviors,and the incidence of health-seeking behaviors among female elderly patients with hypertension was higher than that of male elderly patients with hypertension（χ2=5.900,P=0.015）. And 322（93.9%） cases paid their attention to health conditions;more than 70% of cases had a correct understanding of hypertension,while they had low cognitive accuracy associated with hypertension drugs.The monthly income,physical examination behavior,health concern,and whether the cognition of "coronary heart disease could caused by poor blood pressure control" and "taking medicine when blood pressure is high,and stopping medication when blood pressure is normal" were correct were influencing factors of health-seeking behaviors of male elderly patients with essential hypertension（P<0.05）. The education level and whether the cognition of "hypertension can not be completely cured" were correct were influencing factors of health-seeking behaviors of female elderly patients with essential hypertension（P<0.05）. Conclusion　There are gender differences in the sensitive factors of the formation of health-seeking behaviors among urban elderly patients with essential hypertension.Targeted interventions for health-seeking behaviors should be conducted according to sensitive targets of different genders.