辣椒素减肥调血脂活性及其机制的研究进展

肥胖、高脂血症和糖尿病发病率呈逐年上升趋势，发病人群也趋于年轻化。而血脂、血糖代谢异常是导致肥胖、高脂血症和糖尿病的主要因素之一。目前，临床应用的调血脂化学药主要有他汀类、贝特类、胆酸螯合剂类等，但长期用药可能引起肝肾功能损害、肌肉损害及停药后血脂反弹等不良反应。因此，需要寻找和开发新的调血脂药物以弥补化学药的不足。辣椒素类成分是中药辣椒中的一类辣味成分，研究表明，这类成分可减轻体质量、减少体脂，并对血脂、血糖和血压的调节也有积极的作用。可通过与辣椒素受体1（TRPV1）结合，调节脂肪组织和脂肪细胞因子，刺激迷走神经，作用于肌肉组织及改变肠道菌群等多途径、多功能靶器官作用调节机体的糖脂代谢。梳理辣椒素调血脂活性及其机制的相关研究，并对其中共有的问题及如何更好地发挥辣椒素的调血脂作用给出了方向，以期为辣椒素后续的开发利用提供参考。

Anti-obesity and Hypolipemic Activity and Its Mechanism of Capsaicin: A Review

The incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes is on the rise year by year, and they tend to occur in the young. Abnormal blood lipid and glucose metabolism is among the main causes of the three diseases. At the moment, the major hypolipidemic drugs are statins, fibrates, and bile acid sequestrants, which, however, may cause liver and kidney dysfunction, muscle damage, blood lipid re-elevation after drug withdrawal, and other adverse reactions after long-term use. Therefore, it is necessary to find and develop new hypolipidemic drugs to solve these problems. Capsaicin, a spicy ingredient in Capsici Fructus, has proved to reduce weight and body fat, and regulate blood lipids, glucose, and pressure. By binding to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), it can regulate adipose tissue and adipocytokines, stimulate the vagus nerve, act on muscle tissue, and change intestinal flora, thereby modulating glucose and lipid metabolism through multiple pathways and multiple organs. In this article, the author summarized research on the hypolipidemic activity of capsaicin and the mechanism and provided solutions to the common problems and suggestions for better exerting the hypolipidemic effect of capsaicin, hoping to lay a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of this component.