A segmentation analysis for pharmacists' and patients' views of pharmacists' roles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Health Sciences, Queen''s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;2. Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership & Learning, Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, NG8 2BB, UK;3. Division for Social Research in Medicines and Health, The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;4. The Health Foundation, 90 Long Acre, London WC2E 9RA, UK;5. 68 Brighton Cottages, Copyhold Lane, Lindfield, Haywards Heath RH16 1XT, UK;6. UCL School of Pharmacy, Department of Practice and Policy, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;7. Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;1. London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Health and Social Care, UK;2. University of Technology Sydney, Graduate School of Health, Australia;3. Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Netherlands;4. University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, USA;5. University of Manchester, Manchester Pharmacy School, UK;6. Dalhousie University, College of Pharmacy, Canada;1. Bocconi University, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Via Bocconi 8, 20136 Milan, Italy;2. EMLYON Business School, 23, Avenue Guy de Collongue, CS40203, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France;3. SDA Bocconi School of Management, Via Bocconi 8, 20136 Milan, Italy;4. Bocconi University, Via Roetgen 1, 20136 Milan, Italy |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPharmacists' roles in health care systems are expanding. However, some patients are slow to accept and make use of this expanded role.ObjectivesThe objectives for this study were to identify and describe segments of pharmacists and patients based upon their perceptions of the pharmacist's role in serving as an advisor on medication use.MethodsData were collected from random samples of pharmacists and patients in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010. Overall, 1518 pharmacists (overall response rate = 47%) and 1278 patients (overall response rate = 42%) were surveyed from 1995 through 2010. Factor analysis was applied to a Counselor Role Orientation measure and identified three factors for use in segmentation analysis. The factors were: (1) Time Pressures, (2) Reliance on Physician, and (3) Pharmacist Restrictions. Segmentation analysis was conducted using a two-step cluster analysis with an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method and a log-likelihood (probability) distance measure. Descriptive statistics were used to describe identified segments.ResultsCluster analysis identified four segments which were named: (1) All Low, (2) Time Pressures, (3) Reliance On Physician, and (4) All High. The largest segment for pharmacists was Time Pressures (45% of pharmacists) and for patients was Reliance on Physician (50% of patients). Composition of the four segments was consistent over time between the years 1995 through 2010.ConclusionsThe pattern of findings suggested a cycle of dysfunction in which many pharmacists, hindered by Time Pressures, do not provide patient care beyond the dispensing of a product. In turn, patients, relying on their physician for advice about medications, do not acknowledge the pharmacist as an advisor for medications. This cycle has reinforced dysfunctional behaviors and creates no motivation for either party in this dyadic relationship to change. |
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| Keywords: | Pharmacist roles Segmentation analysis |
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