航天飞行和模拟微重力下微生物次级代谢研究与太空微生物制药

随着人类对宇宙的不断探索，大量研究观察到微生物次级代谢在航天飞行中的变化，为人类利用太空环境进行高产和高质量微生物制药带来了希望。研究者认为，太空环境下微生物生长停滞期缩短，更早进入生长期，更早产生次级代谢产物。由于空间飞行的稀缺性和高昂成本，研究者利用微重力模拟设备进行微生物次级代谢研究。目前，不同的航天飞行和模拟微重力下微生物次级代谢研究并未观察到趋势相对一致的结果，其表型变化背后的分子生物学机制也有待进一步研究。太空微生物制药利用太空诱变筛选具有商业和医学价值的制药微生物菌株，这种航天飞行后地面筛选的模式具有无法控制诱变方向、被动筛选的缺陷，有待相关诱变通路进一步研究后予以改进。

Space microbial pharmaceutics and study of microorganism secondary metabolism in spaceflight and simulated microgravity

With the exploration of universe, a large number of studies have observed the changes of microbial secondary metabolism in space flight, which provided hope for high yield and high quality microbial pharmaceuticals in the space environment. The researchers believed that microbes in space had a shorter stasis period, which allowed them to enter earlier the growth phase and produce secondary metabolites. Because of the scarcity and high cost of space flight, researchers have also used microgravity simulations to study microbial secondary metabolism. At present, studies on microbial secondary metabolism under different spaceflight and simulated microgravity have not observed relatively consistent results, and the molecular biological mechanism behind the phenotypic changes also needs to be further studied. Microbial pharmaceutical has screened microbial strains with business and medical value the space mutagenesis effect. However, this model of post-flight ground screening was unable to control the mutagenesis direction, defect of passive screeuing which needed to be improved after further studies on relevant mutagenesis pathways.