前哨淋巴结检测在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的应用

目的 评价前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node，SLN)检测在NO头颈鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)中的可行性以及SLN对微小转移灶的诊断价值。方法 分析研究中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科2001年8月～2002年2月收治的10例头颈鳞癌患者，为未经治疗临床诊断为NO的患者。所有患者术前均在肿瘤周围的黏膜下注射锝标记的右旋糖酐胶体(technetium 99m prepared with dextran colloid，^99mTc-DX)，约30min后行单光子发射计算机断层显像术扫描，在相应的颈部皮肤上标记显像“热点”；术中翻开皮瓣后用手提探测仪探测术野，以高于背景计数4倍以上确定为SLN。将确定的SLN送病理学检查，并借助淋巴结连续切片和免疫组化法检测微小转移灶。结果术前淋巴结显像及术中探测仪探测所识别的SLN行病理学检查，10例NO患者有3例发现隐性转移，其隐性转移率为30％(3／10)，SLN的阳性率为22．7％(5／22)，非SLN的阳性率为0．4％(1／247)。经病理证实为SLN阴性的患者的非SLN无阳性发现。结论 头颈鳞癌颈部NO的SLN检测对发现临床隐性转移灶是可行的。SLN检测技术可缩小手术范围，减少手术的创伤及并发症，该技术的进一步推广还需更多的研究。

Evaluation of sentinel lymph node in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) radiolocalization in stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to gain insight as to whether the sentinel lymph node could be prognostic of regional micrometastatic disease. METHODS: A prospective trial was made on the application sentinel lymph node radiolocalization in 10 patients with NO squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. For each patient a peritumoral submucosal injection of filtered technetium 99m prepared with dextran colloid (99mTc-DX) was performed immediately. After 30 minutes, focal areas of accumulation corresponding to sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were marked on the skin surface. The SLN was localized by lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperatively through the intact skin by a hand-held gamma-probe. SLN was defined as the count of lymph node could be detected 4 times more than that of background. Complete neck dissections were performed, and SLNs were identified for later histological evaluation and comparison to the remaining lymphadenectomy specimen. RESULTS: SLN radiolocalization accurately identified one or more SLNs in the ten cases. 3 of 10 cases revealed occult metastatic disease. Therefore the negative metastasis rate was 30% (3/10). The positive rate of SLN and nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) were 22.7% (5/22) and 0.4% (1/247) respectively. Serial sectioning (SS) and immunohistochemical (IHC) on SLNs would reduce the false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). There was no instance in which SLN was negative for micrometastatic disease while being positive in a nonsentinel lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: SLN evaluation in NO neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is accurately feasible and seems to adequately predict the presence of occult metastasis. Although SLN radiolocalization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma may potentially reduce the time, cost, and morbidity of regional lymph node management, more experience with technique is required before its role can be determined.