海洛因成瘾者冲动行为与风险决策的研究

目的 探讨海洛因成瘾者冲动行为与风险决策的反应模式及其意义.方法 选择自2010年7月至12月在安徽省戒毒康复中心自愿接受戒毒的海洛因成瘾者17例作为海洛因成瘾组(HA组),同期招募的志愿者18例作为健康对照组(HC组).2组被试分别执行爱荷华赌博任务(IGT)和风险决策任务(RGT),分析比较2组被试冲动行为控制和风险决策能力的差异.结果 IGT中,决策进程对HA组的净分数无明显影响,但对HC组有明显影响(P＜0.05); HA组所选低频惩罚的纸牌数目与高频惩罚纸牌相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但HC组二者数目差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；被试选择低频惩罚与高频惩罚的纸牌数目差值在2组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RGT中,HC组经历惩罚后风险选择频率明显下降,与经历惩罚前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),HA组却无明显下降(P＞0.05); HA组在奖赏后和惩罚后的风险选择频率均明显高于HC组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 作为长期海洛因成瘾行为的表现,海洛因成瘾者存在冲动行为和风险决策障碍,这可能是成瘾行为产生和维持的原因之一.

Impulsiveness and risk-taking decision-making in heroin addicts

Objective To explore the reaction patterns of impulsiveness and risk-taking decision-making in heroin addicts and their significance.Methods Seventeen heroin addicts(HA group)admitted to Detoxification and Rehabilitation Center of Anhui Province from July 2010 to December 2010 and 18 healthy controls(HC group)recruited at the same period were performed Iowa gambling task(IGT)and Risky-Gains task(RGT),respectively; the different capacities of impulsiveness control and risk-taking decision-making between HA group and HC group were compared.Results As for IGT,decision-making course affected the net scores remarkably in HC group,whereas contrary result was observed in HA group(P＜0.05); no statistical difference between the numbers of low-frequency punishment cards and high-frequency punishment cards which subjects selected was noted in HA group,while statistical difference was observed in HC group(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the difference between the number of low-frequency punishment cards and high-frequency punishment cards in HC group was higher than that in HA group(P＜0.05).In RGT,as compared with risky response rate before punishment,risky response rate after punishment declined notably in HC group,while no significant changes were seen in HA group; risky response rate after reward and after punishment in HA group were significantly higher than those in HC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion As evidence of chronic heroin addicts' behavior,heroin addict exsits impulsiveness and deficit in risk-taking decision-making,which may be one of the causes of generation and maintenance of heroin addiction.