山东省济宁市36例狂犬病流行病学分析

目的通过对山东省济宁市2006年狂犬病进行流行病学分析,探讨流行上升因素和更为有效的预防控制措施。 方法收集全市2006年狂犬病病例个案调查资料,对暴露者咬伤部位、发病年龄、发病时间、伤口处理情况等进行综合分析。 结果36例狂犬病患者均为农业人口,发病年龄以中青年及老年人为主,发病时间主要集中在6-11月,伤人犬多为外观健康的家犬。暴露者伤口处理不及时、不规范,多数没有注射狂犬病疫苗、抗狂犬病病毒血清/抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白。 结论暴露者侥幸心理严重,伤后不及时去正规预防接种门诊处理伤口,不注射狂犬病疫苗和抗狂犬病血清/抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白,是造成发病死亡的主要原因。政府重视,各项措施落实,强化宣传教育,控制传染源,加强疫情监测,做好科学防护,疫苗预防是控制当今狂犬病的关键。

Epidemiological analysis of 36 cases of rabies in Jining dry, Shandong province

Objective To analyze rabies in Jining city, Shandong province in 2006 and determine the factors associated with the increased prevalence, and provide evidence for the development of more effective control and preventive strategies. Methods Data of rabies cases in the city in 2006 were collected for comprehensive analysis of exposed/bitten parts of the body, onset age, onset time, wound management. Results All 36 patients of rabies lived an agricultural living, age of onset ranging mainly from middle-aged to elderly. The onset time was concentrated mainly from June to November. Most culprit dogs were domestic, and had a ＂healthy＂ appearance. Meanwhile, wounds were not managed in a timely manner and with standard procedures; most victims did not receive rabies vaccine, anti-rabies virus serum/antirabies immunoglobulin injection. Conclusion Increasing number of domestic dogs and mismanagement, untimely management of wounds including standard vaccination in authorized clinics, and inadequate rabies vaccine and anti-rabies serum/anti-rabies immunoglobulin therapy constituted the primary causes of morbidity and mortality of rabies. Therefore, the government shall attach importance to the implementation of relevant control strategies to strengthen public health education, control the infectious source, enhance epidemic surveillance in order to scientifically prevent and control the diseases. Preventive vaccines are vital to rabies control.