输血前不规则抗体筛查降低溶血性输血不良事件的临床效果

目的分析输血前不规则抗体筛查降低溶血性输血不良事件的临床效果。方法选取2017年12月至2019年6月在我院预约输血的患者1 152例,随机分为对照组(576例,常规输血检查)和观察组(576例,常规输血检查+不规则抗体筛查)。检测观察组不规则抗体阳性率和特异性;分析不规则抗体产生的影响因素;比较两组溶血性输血不良事件发生情况。结果观察组中,共检出15例不规则抗体阳性患者,阳性率为2.60%,其中特异性不规则抗体11例,占阳性比率为73.33%;非特异性不规则抗体4例,占阳性比率为26.67%。女性的不规则抗体阳性率高于男性,输血次数≥3次者高于输血次数<3次者,有血液疾病和妊娠史者高于无血液疾病和无妊娠史者(P<0.05)。观察组溶血性输血不良事件发生率为0.52%,显著低于对照组的3.12%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输血前不规则抗体筛查及抗体特异性鉴定能够有效避免输注含有抗体相应抗原的血液,降低溶血性输血不良事件的发生率,是确保临床输血治疗安全可行的有效措施。

Clinical effect of irregular antibody screening before blood transfusion on reducing adverse events of hemolytic transfusion

Objective To analy sis the clinical effect of irregular antibody screening before blood transfusion on reducing adverse events of hemolytic transfusion.Methods A total of 1 152 patients with blood transfusion appointment in our hospital from December 2017 to June 2019 were selected and randomly divided into control group(576 cases,routine blood transfusion examination) and observation group(576 cases,routine blood transfusion examination+irregular antibody screening).The positive rate and specificity of irregular antibody were detected in the observation group;the influencing factors of irregular antibody production were analyzed;the adverse events of hemolytic transfusion were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,15 patients with positive irregular antibody were detected,the positive rate was 2.60%,among them,11 cases were specific irregular antibody,accounting for 73.33%;4 cases were nonspecific irregular antibody,accounting for 26.67%.The positive rate of irregular antibody in women was higher than that in men,that in the number of transfusions≥3 was higher than that of transfusions <3,those in the number of patients with blood diseases and pregnancy history were higher than those without blood diseases and pregnancy history,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of hemolytic transfusion adverse events in the observation group was 0.52%,which was significantly lower than 3.12% in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Irregular antibody screening and antibody specific identification before blood transfusion can effectively avoid transfusion of blood containing antibody antigens and reduce the incidence of adverse events of hemolytic transfusion,which is an effective measure to ensure the safety and feasibility of clinical transfusion treatment.