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Novel Anatomical Guidelines on Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Wrinkles in the Nose Region
Authors:Kyu-Ho Yi  Ji-Hyun Lee  Hye-Won Hu  Hee-Jin Kim
Affiliation:1.COVID-19 Division, Wonju Public Health Center, Wonju-si 26417, Korea;2.Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-W.H.)
Abstract:
Botulinum neurotoxin injection surrounding the nose area is frequently used in aesthetic settings. However, there is a shortage of thorough anatomical understanding that makes it difficult to treat wrinkles in the nose area. In this study, the anatomical aspects concerning the injection of botulinum neurotoxin into the nasalis, procerus, and levator labii superioris alaeque muscles are assessed. In addition, the present knowledge on localizing the botulinum neurotoxin injection point from a newer anatomy study is assessed. It was observed that, for the line-associated muscles in the nose region, the injection point may be more precisely defined. The optimal injection sites are the nasalis, procerus, and levator labii superioris alaeque muscles, and the injection technique is advised. We advise the best possible injection sites in association with anatomical standards for commonly injected muscles to increase efficiency in the nose region by removing the wrinkles. Similarly, these suggestions support a more precise procedure.
Keywords:nasalis muscle   procerus muscle   levator labii superioris alaeque muscles   botulinum neurotoxin   bunny line   horizontal radix line   facial wrinkle   injection point
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