子宫内铅暴露对仔鼠牙齿萌出和釉质发育的影响

目的观察母鼠妊娠期间不同剂量铅暴露对仔鼠牙齿萌出情况和釉质发育的影响。方法27只怀孕SD大鼠随机分为铅暴露高剂量组、低剂量组和对照组,每组9只。铅暴露组饮用去离子水中加入醋酸铅进行染毒以铅(Pb2+)含量计算高剂量组200mg/L、低剂量组50mg/L],对照组饮用去离子水。染毒自大鼠孕第1天持续至自然分娩。仔鼠出生后第26天在下切牙龈乳头水平进行第1次标记,并于出生后第36天在同一牙龈乳头水平行二次标记。第2次标记当日取全血测定血铅并处死仔鼠。测定切牙铅含量,应用立体显微镜观察牙齿形态并测量切牙两次标记间距离,应用电子探针测定切牙釉质钙、磷含量并计算比值。结果高、低剂量铅暴露仔鼠组血铅较对照仔鼠组增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高、低剂量铅暴露仔鼠组齿铅(77.3±6.3)、(27.8±4.5)μg/g]与对照仔鼠组(6.6±0.8)μg/g]相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。铅暴露仔鼠组切牙较小,牙尖磨耗明显并多见舌侧髓腔暴露,高铅剂量组更为明显。高、低剂量铅暴露仔鼠组切牙萌出速率(0.25±0.08)、(0.30±0.09)mm/d]与对照仔鼠组(0.39±0.09)mm/d]比较,铅暴露组萌出较为缓慢,三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。仔鼠釉质钙/磷比分析显示,随铅染毒剂量的增加,钙/磷比(1.68±0.54、1.37±0.47)降低,

The effect of lead exposure in utero on the teeth eruption and enamel development of rat offspring

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lead exposure at different levels in utero on the teeth eruption and enamel development of rat offsprings. METHODS: 27 pregnant SD rats were divided into three groups randomly: high level lead group (HLG), low level lead group (LLG) and control group with nine rats in each group. The three groups from the gestation day to the end of the gestation were given either deionized water in control group or deionized water containing 200 mg/L Pb2+ as lead acetate through drinking method in high level lead experimental group and 50 mg/L Pb2+ as lead acetate through drinking method in low level lead experimental group. The incisors of newborn rats were marked at the level of the gingival papilla on the 26th day after birth. On the 36th day, the incisors of newborn rats were marked again at the same level. Then the rat offsprings were killed and their blood was collected for lead analysis. The mandible incisors of rat offspring were separated and the content of Pb in incisors was determined by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method. The teeth of rat offspring were observed and the distance between two marks were measured by means of stereomicroscope. The ratio of calcium to phosphate of enamel of rat offspring was compared by electron probe microanalyses. RESULTS: The level of blood lead in 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L treated rat offspring groups was higher than that in control group. The tooth lead of 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L treated rat offspring groups (77.3 +/- 6.3), (27.8 +/- 4.5) microg/g] were higher than the control (6.6 +/- 0.8) microg/g, P < 0.01]. Compared with the control group, the teeth of lead exposure experimental groups were smaller and severity of attrition was obvious and pulpal perforations were often observed. These appearances was more distinct in rats of high level lead experimental group. The incisors of lead-treated rat offspring erupted (0.25 +/- 0.08), (0.30 +/- 0.09) mm/d] more slowly than control ones (0.39 +/- 0.09) mm/d, P < 0.01]. The ratio of calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) decreased with the increase of lead exposure. It was found that Ca/P in lead exposure experimental groups (1.68 +/- 0.54), (1.37 +/- 0.47) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.14 +/- 0.33). CONCLUSION: Lead exposure in utero affects the normal eruption of teeth and enamel formation and the degree was related with the lead exposure level.