一起特大箱包业苯中毒事件的调查分析

目的 全面掌握本次中毒事件的原因及危害程度,探讨预防与控制职业危害的措施。方法 对高碑店市箱包生产加工业进行现场卫生学调查,对从业者进行健康体检,分析中毒原因及危害程度。结果 56．7％的箱包加工户为无执照生产经营,而且刷胶、台面、下料等工序多数同在一室内,胶粘剂中苯含量占30％以上的有7种。对现场进行了模拟试验,检测结果显示,空气中苯浓度最高为2040mg／m3。对6482名箱包从业人员进行了职业性健康体检,初次确诊为苯中毒者33人(死亡9人,占患病人数的27．3％),其中31人为重度苯中毒,2人为中度苯中毒。结论 造成本次中毒事件发生的原因有多种,说明该地区箱包业职业病危害因素存在的普遍性、严重性。警示应加大职业病防治与管理力度,特别是应将乡镇企业的职业病防治工作纳入到各级政府部门的议事日程,以避免或减少中毒事件的发生,确实保障劳动者的健康。

Survey on an Extraordinarily Serious Benzene-poisoning Event Happened in Bag-making Workshops

Objective To find the causation and the extent of this poisoning event and to look for measures for prevention and control.Methods Hygienic survey has been done in the field of all the bag making workshops in Gaobeidian City,Hebei province.Almost all the workers in these workshops have had health check.The causation and extent of the event were analyzed.Results About 56 7% bag manufacturers in the city have no approved licenses for their production.And almost all the processes for bag making,such as adhesive brushing,table operating and bag sewing,were completed in the same workshop space.At least 7 adhesives used in bag making workshops contain>30% benzene.Simulated tests indicated that the benzene content in the air of workplaces would be as high as 2 040 mg/m 3 .Through health check to 6 482 bag making workers in this city,33 workers have been diagnosed as benzene poisoning,among them 31 in severe stage and 2 in medium stage,and 9(27 3%)died.Conclusions Many causes can result in benzene poisoning event and occupational hazards exist commonly and seriously.The occupational hygiene management must be further implemented and strengthened.Especially for those town and village owned factories and workshops,the occupational hygiene management must be put into the government daily work schedule to decrease the poisoning events and to protect workers health.