大鼠周围神经移植修复马尾神经损伤的早期形态学观察

目的：探讨坐骨神经移植修复马尾神经损伤的可行性，观察马尾神经再生情况。方法：将30只雌性Wistar大鼠分为三组，实验组：将20只大鼠马尾在L2水平行半侧切除，将对侧坐骨神经移植到马尾切除侧，近端接马民行断端，移植的坐骨神经远端与马尾切除侧坐骨神经吻合，分别于术后4、6、8周在光镜及电镜下观察马尾再生情况。实验对照组：5只大鼠，仅切除部分马尾。正常对照组：5只大鼠，不做处理。结果：实验对照组坐骨神经的轴突及髓鞘均崩解，无再生轴突形成。实验组术后4周HE及固蓝染色偶见髓鞘及轴突形成，雪旺细胞数目少，有世噬细胞吞噬现象；术后6周较4周再生髓鞘及神经轴突数目增多，雪旺细胞大量增生，巨噬细胞吞噬现象减少；术后8周高倍镜下可见再生的典型形式，即胶质基质中的退变纤维中有大量簇状细小的有髓神经纤维，电镜下可见含较多细的有髓和无髓神经纤维，内含较多线粒体等管状结构，雪旺细胞核大而明显，胞浆丰富，粗面内质网及高尔基体、线粒体增加明显。结论：周围神经移植修复马尾神经是可能的，马尾神经损伤后有再生的可能性。

The early stage morphology study of the repairment of cauda equina injury with peripheral nerve transplantation in rats

Objectives:To study the renovation of cauda equina injury with transplantation of sciatic nerve,and observe the regeneration of cauda equina.Methed:30 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups,the experimental group:the cauda equina of 20 rats were excised in one side on the level of L2,the sciatic nerve of the opposite side was transplanted into the side of excision,the proximal connect with the cauda equina,the distal connect with the sciatic nerve of the side of excison.The regeneration of the cauda equina at 4,6,8 weeks after operation were observed separately with microscope and electron microscope.The control group:5 rats with excison on one side of the cauda equina.The normal group:5 rats,with no treatment.Result:The axons and myeline sheath of the sciatic nerves in the control group were lytic,and there was no regeneration of the axons.In the experimental group:the regeneration of axons and myeline sheath were found occasionally with HE staining 4 weeks after operation.There were a few Schwann cells and phagocytes.The regeneration of axons and myeline sheath increased 6 weeks after operation,there were a quantity of hyperplasia of Schwann cells and phagocytes number reduced.There were typical type of regeneration with high magnificantion 8 weeks after operation:Many small cluster myelinated nerve fibers existed among the degenerative fibers matrix,and many small myelinated and nomyelinated nerve fiber were found with electron microscope.The contents were many tubular structure such as chondriosome,the nucleoli of Schwann cell was big and evident.The cells had plenty of plasma,and marked increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex and chondriosome.Conclusion:The repairment of cauda equina with transplantation of peripheral nerve is possible.The cauda equina could regenerate after injury.