膳食平衡指数对某医学院校大学生膳食质量的评价

目的:采用膳食平衡指数(dietary balance index,DBI)法评价某医学院校大学生的膳食质量和营养结构,为指导其合理膳食提供参考依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法对某医学院校641名在校大学生进行为期3 d的膳食调查,应用DBI评分方法对大学生的膳食质量进行评价。结果:影响大学生膳食质量的主要因素有性别、年级和营养知识掌握的程度。男生的DBI-负端分、正端分和总分均高于女生(P<0.05~P<0.01),大学三、四年级学生的DBI-负端分和膳食质量距均显著低于大学一年级学生(P<0.01)。处于模式B的人群比例最大(43.2%),而最优模式A仅为18.1%。结论:采用DBI评价系统能够较全面地反映大学生的膳食质量,应对大学生开展针对性的营养教育以增加蔬菜水果、奶类及动物性食物的摄入,提高大学生的膳食质量。

Application of dietary balance index in assessing diet quality of college students in medical college

Objective:To assess the dietary quality and nutritional structure by the dietary balance index( DBI) in medical college and provide the diet guidance for college students. Methods:Six hundred and forty-one students who selected by stratified cluster sampling were enrolled in the study. All of them were taken a three-day dietary survey. The DBI was used to evaluate the diet quality of the college students. Results:The survey was shown that the factors related to the dietary quality were sex,grade and nutrition education level. The DBI-low bound score,high bound score and total score of boys were higher than these of girls(P<0. 05 to P<0. 01),the DBI-low bound score and diet quality distance in higher grade students were significantly lower than those in the first-grade students (P<0. 01). The proportion of the mode B was 43. 2%,while the proportion of optimal mode A was only 18. 1%. Conclusions:The dietary balance index evaluation system can reflect the diet quality objectively for college students. It is necessary to carry out targeted nutrition education to increase the intake of vegetables,fruits,milk and animal food,in order to improve the college students'dietary quality.