Chemical burn to the skin: A systematic review of first aid impacts on clinical outcomes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Western Australia, Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia;2. School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Rozelle Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia;3. National Burns Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel;4. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children’s Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland 4010, Australia;5. Burn Service of Western Australia, Level 4, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;6. Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;1. Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland;3. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran;4. Health Information Management Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;1. Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran;2. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran;3. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran;4. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;5. Health Information Management Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;6. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran;7. Quchan School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Institution Shared with University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;2. CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Clinical Immunology and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic;4. Department of Microbiology, St. Anne''s University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom;2. The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom;3. Postgraduate Medical Education Centre, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University, Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom;1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Burn Unit, Klinikum Nuremberg Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;2. ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, L7 1, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;3. German Society for Burn Treatment (DGV), Committee of the German Burn Registry, Luisenstrasse 58–59, 11, 10117 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, PR China;2. Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, PR China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Chemical burns can cause deep injury and subsequently significant scarring to the skin. The mechanism and pathophysiology of chemical burns is distinct to thermal burns, and recommended first aid approaches are consequently different. Twenty minutes of cool running water is an effective first aid measure to improve outcomes after thermal burn. For chemical burns to the skin, the recommendations are immediate water lavage for 60 min, removal of contaminated clothing if not stuck to the skin and then covering the wound with a sterile dressing. This review assesses the peer-reviewed literature to find the evidence behind the efficacy of cutaneous chemical burn first aid on short term outcomes such as length of hospital stay, depth of burn and longer-term outcomes such as scarring; in particular, the effect of immediate or early water lavage, and the effect of the duration of water lavage. Ocular chemical burns were not included in this review. The review suggests some evidence to support that the early application of cool water irrigation may reduce length of hospital stay and the extent of scarring. Community education should emphasize that water irrigation is recommended and that the earlier this happens, the better. |
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| Keywords: | Burns Chemical First aid Outcomes Therapeutic irrigation |
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