舰艇服役人员呼吸系统疾病发病情况及相关因素调查分析某舰艇人员常见呼吸系统疾病相关因素调查分析

目的调查某舰艇人员呼吸系统疾病的流行病学特征,寻找发病的相关因素,为制订有效的早期干预和防护措施提供依据调查分析舰艇人员呼吸系统疾病发病情况及其相关因素,为舰艇环境下呼吸系统疾病的防控提供依据。。方法使用自行设计的《舰艇呼吸系统疾病流行病学调查问卷》对某舰艇人员呼吸系统疾病发病情况及其相关因素进行调查,使用SPSS19.0将调查结果进行相关性分析和卡方检验,使用自行设计的《舰艇呼吸系统疾病流行病学调查问卷》对某舰艇人员进行一对一问卷调查和体格检查检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。定量因素采用相关性分析,定性因素采用卡方检验。结果舰艇人员呼吸系统疾病发病率从高到低排序依次为：普通感冒160.76%（254/158）;慢性咽炎75.32%（119/158）;急性扁桃体炎22.78%（36/158）和急性气管-支气管炎3.80%（6/158）,年龄与急性扁桃体炎的发病率呈正相关（r=0.138,P=0.042）;舰艇服役时间与慢性咽炎（r=0.202,P=0.005）和急性扁桃体炎（r=0.135,P=0.045）的发病率正相关;年执行任务时间与急性扁桃体炎（r=0.159,P=0.023）和急性气管-支气管炎（r=0.142,P=0.037）的发病率正相关;居住在风机通风舱室人员急性气管-支气管炎的发病率显著高于居住在自然通风舱室的人员（χ²=12.105,P=0.002）。年龄与急性扁桃体炎的发病率正相关具统计学意义（r=0.138,P<0.05）;舰艇服役时间与慢性咽炎（r=0.202,P<0.05）和急性扁桃体炎（r=0.135,P<0.05）的发病率正相关具统计学意义;年执行任务时间与急性扁桃体炎（r=0.159,P<0.05）和急性气管-支气管炎（r=0.142,P<0.05）的发病率正相关具统计学意义;有吸烟史人群的慢性咽炎（χ²=162.83,P<0.05）、急性扁桃体炎（χ²=221.26,P<0.05）、急性气管-支气管炎（χ²=69.86,P<0.05）的发病率高于无吸烟史人群,差异具统计学意义;居住环境采用机械通风方式的人群急性气管-支气管炎的发病率高于采用自然通风和空调通风的人群,差异具统计学意义（χ²=12.11,P<0.05）。结论舰艇服役人员呼吸道传染病以普通感冒、慢性咽炎、急性扁桃体炎和急性气管-支气管炎发病率较高。年龄、舰艇服役时间、每年执行任务时间、居住环境的通风方式是舰艇人员常见呼吸道系统疾病的相关因素。舰艇服役时间、每年执行任务时间、是否吸烟、居住环境的通风方式是舰艇人员常见呼吸道系统疾病的相关因素。做好有毒有害气体的防护工作,积极增强舰艇人员的机体免疫力,有助于降低舰艇人员常见呼吸系统疾病的发病率。

The status and related factors of common respiratory system diseases in a certain warship personnel

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the status and related factors of the common respiratory system diseases in a warship personnel. MethodsThe self-designed "warship respiratory system diseases epidemiological investigation questionnaire" was used to survey 158 persons,then Correlation analysis and chi-square test were performed(α=0.05,2-tailed). ResultsIncidence of respiratory disease in warship personnel from high to low was: common cold 160.76%（254/158）, chronic pharyngitis 75.32%（119/158）, acute tonsillitis 22.78%（36/158）and acute tracheobronchitis 3.80%（6/158）.Age was significantly positively related to the incidence of acute tonsillitis（r=0.138,P=0.042）; service time was significantly positively related to the incidence of common cold（r=0.202,P=0.005）and acute tonsillitis（r=0.135,P=0.045）; time performing tasks each year is significantly positively related to the incidence of acute tonsillitis（r=0.159,P=0.023）and acute tracheobronchitis（r=0.142,P=0.037）; the incidence of acute tracheobronchitis in a crowed living in the cabin used ventilation by exhaust fan was significantly higher than them who living in natural ventilation（χ²=12.105,P=0.002）.ConclusionsCommon cold, chronic pharyngitis, acute tonsillitisand and acute tracheobronchitis were the frequent common respiratory system diseases in the warship personnel. Service time, time performing tasks each year, ventilation way of living rooms were related factors of common respiratory system diseases in the warship personnel.