武汉市吸毒人群HIV、HCV和 梅毒螺旋体抗体检测分析

摘要:目的　探讨武汉市美沙酮门诊吸毒患者的社会学特征及其人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和梅毒螺旋体的感染情况，为有效防治毒品引起的相关传染性疾病提供科学依据。方法　对美沙酮门诊的143位接受美沙酮替代治疗的吸毒患者问卷调查，并取其静脉血检测血清中的HIV、HCV和梅毒螺旋体抗体。结果　（1）HIV抗体检测结果均为阴性；HCV抗体检测阳性率为75.52%（108/143）；梅毒螺旋体抗体检测阳性率为6.29%（9/143），毒品种类以海洛因为主。（2）吸毒人群HCV阳性率性别差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；女性梅毒阳性率高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。（3）青少年吸毒现象较突出:初次接触毒品在18 岁以下者占15.39%（22/143）。（4）无业或待业人员占84.62%（121/143），初中及以下文化程度占66.43%（95/143），文化程度低是对毒品及相关疾病认知差的主要原因。（5）未婚或离异人员占60.84%（87/143），情感、婚姻问题是吸毒主要诱因之一。结论　针对武汉市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群特点，应重点做好以下工作:（1）在青少年和低文化程度人群中加强对毒品及相关疾病的宣教，强调毒品相关疾病的传播途径，提高易感人群对毒品及相关疾病的认识；（2）应重点关注吸毒人群严重的HCV感染状况，积极研究危险因素及防治手段，在宣教时正确引导，使患者克服恐惧心理，正确认识丙型肝炎，及时监测肝功能；（3）在开展艾滋病相关知识的宣教、咨询等活动时，积极推荐吸毒人员进行梅毒螺旋体检测，并在开展行为干预时更多关注女性患者；（4）加强社区和家庭宣教，充分发挥社区和家庭亲情的积极作用，帮助吸毒患者远离毒品，重树对生活的希望。

Detection and analysis on HIV,HCV and treponema pallidum antibody among drug addicts in Wuhan City

Abstract: Objective To detect and analyze the sociological characteristics of the drug addicts in methadone clinics in Wuhan City and their infections of HIV, HCV and treponema pallidum, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of drug related infectious diseases. Methods Investigate 143 drug addicts at methadone clinics, and draw their blood to detect HIV, HCV and treponema pallidum antibody. Results (1) HIV were all negative; Positive rate of HCV was 75.52% (108/143); Positive rate of treponema pallidum was 6.29% (9/143). The main drug is heroin. (2) There was no significant difference regarding HCV positive rate between the male and female (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in treponema pallidum positive rate between the male and female. The treponema pallidum positive rate of females was higher than males (P<0.05). (3) Drug abuse in youth is severe. Initial drug user under 18 years is 15.39% (22/143). (4) The unemployed accounted for 84.62% (121/143). Drug users whose educational level is below the junior secondary school level accounted for 66.43% (95/143). (5) The unmarried and divorced accounted for 60.84% (87/143). Conclusion (1) We should strengthen the education of drugs and related diseases in youth and people whose educational level is below the junior secondary school level. (2) We should pay attention to the severe HCV infection status of drug users. (3) We should recommend drug addicts to detect treponema pallidum, especially the female drug addicts. (4) We should strengthen community and family education to help drug addicts to stay away from drugs.