丰台区农村地区居民伤害状况调查与干预研究

目的了解北京市丰台区农村地区伤害发生的基本情况，通过实施干预提高群众相关知识知晓率水平，减少伤害发生。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷，通过随机抽样对2858名调查对象进行了调查。基线调查后，对1152名村民进行了伤害知识调查。随后开展了预防伤害健康教育系列活动，包括发放折页、海报、专家讲座等。对干预后的知识水平再次进行调查，分析干预前后村民知识知晓率变化情况。结果调查对象伤害发生率为10．9％，男女伤害发生率分别为10．9％和10.8％，两者之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。14岁以下儿童青少年伤害发生率为最高，为16．1％。干预前对照组伤害知识知晓率为69．38％，干预组为69．57％，两组之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05），干预后对照组知识知晓率为71．75％，干预组为74．26％，高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论儿童青少年的伤害预防应作为今后工作的重点之一，本次研究所采取的健康教育干预方法对于提高村民的安全知识水平是有效的，可以在条件相似的地区推广。

Injury among rural residents in Fengtai District,Beijing,and relevant interference

Objective To investigate the status of injury among the rural residents in Fengtai District, Beijing, and the effects of relevant interference. Methods Five townships were randomly selected in Fengtai and then 2 villages were randomly selected from each township, totally 10 villages were selected sites. The residents in the first 100 households in the name lists of village residents in each village, totally 2858, underwent in - door questionnaire survey on status of injury. And the family members born 1 November 1939-1 November 1991, totally 1152 were asked to participate in the knowledge survey. Relevant health education materials in the forms of pamphlet, manual, poster, etc, were developed and distributed. Relevant lectures were given. After the intervention, the same survey was conducted to investigate the effects of intervention. Results The injury rate among the respondents was 10.9 %, and the injury rate of males was 10.9 %, not significantly different from that of the females （10.8%, P 〉 0.05 ）. The injury rate of the respondents aged 〈 14 was the highest （16.1% ）. Before the intervention, the knowledge rate about injury of the intervention group intervention was 69.57%, not significantly different from that of the control group （69.38%, P〉0.05） ; and after intervention the knowledge rate of the intervention group was 74.26 %, significantly higher than that of the control group （71.75%, P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Prevention of injury among juvenile is one of the key points in the future work. Health education is effective to increase the salty knowledge level among rural residents.