沘江沿岸农村居民环境意识的调查

目的探讨沘江沿岸农村居民的环境意识及其影响因素.方法根据沿岸村庄分布情况将沘江分为上游、中游、下游三段,采用立意抽样法选择家庭居住地距离河流1000m以内的农村居民1126名（上游402人,中游400人,下游324人）,采用自制问卷进行调查.问卷内容包括个人一般情况,河流污染对沿岸村民饮用水源、灌溉用水、农业生产和居民健康的影响;对污染来源和相关环境知识的知晓情况、对污染治理的态度以及环境行为发生的情况等.采用评分方法分析村民的环境知识和行为.此外进行了小组访谈和个人深入访谈.结果被调查对象均已饮用其他水源且97.6%认为污染影响了灌溉用水,76.0%的有粮食减产,24.2%的将水田改为旱地.99.4%认为污染来源是铅锌矿开采,认为污染来源还有生活垃圾、人畜粪便和生活污水的人数从上游至中游和下游逐渐增多（P〈0.05）.环境知识评分上中下游村民分别为4.53±2.39,4.38±2.30,5.56±2.18（P〈0.05）;环境行为评分上中下游村民分别为1.94±0.83,1.48±0.87,1.29±0.90（P〈0.05）,从上游、中游至下游,＂将垃圾倒入沘江＂的人数逐渐增多（P〈0.05）.多元回归分析显示影响环境知识的主要因素是文化程度、年龄和经济收入,影响环境行为的主要因素是职业、污染影响和经济收入.被调查对象的15.5%通过宣传＂获知保护沘江信息＂,13.8%知道＂要治理沘江污染＂.结论沘江污染对沿岸村民的水源和农业生产造成了影响;村民的环境知情权和参与权没有得到充分保障.

An Investigation on Environmental Consciousness of Rural Residents Living along the Bijiang River

Objective To investigate environmental consciousness of rural residents living along the Bijiang River.Methods The Bijiang River was divided into upstream,midstream and downstream according to village distribution along the river.The target people were 1126 farmers living among 1000 meters along the river and among them 402 were from upstream and 400 from midstream and 324 from downstream.Self-designed questionnaire was used for investigation.The contents of the questionnaire included personal information,the impact of the pollution on drinking water,irrigating water,agriculture,and health of residents,the knowledge,attitude and behavior of environmental protection.Scoring was used to evaluate environmental knowledge and behavior of the farmers.Groups and personals interview were also used in the investigation.Results The farmers had drinking water from other sources and 97.6% of the farmers said pollution had affected their irrigation water.76.0% of farmers had grain products decreasing and 24.2% had changed water-field into dry-field.99.4% of farmers regarded the source of pollution as mine exploitation,more and more people from the upstream to the midstream and the downstream thought that rubbish,feces and sewage were also the sources of pollution（P 0.05）.The environmental knowledge＇s scores of farmers living in the upstream,the midstream and the downstream were 4.53±2.39,4.38±2.30,and 5.56±2.18,respectively and the differences were significant（P〈0.05）.The environmental behavior＇s scores of farmers living in the upstream,the midstream and the downstream were 1.94 ±0.83,1.48±0.87,and 1.29±0.90 respectively and the differences were significant（P〈0.05）.From the upstream to the midstream and the downstream,the number of farmers chucking rubbish into the river gradually increased（P 0.05）.The multiple regression analyses showed that impact factors of environmental knowledge were educational level,age and income.The main impact factors of environmental behavior were occupation,effects of the pollution and income.15.5% of farmers got information about environmental protection through propaganda and only 13.8% knew that the river pollution will be treated.Conclusion River pollution has negative effects on the farmers living along Bijing River in water resource and agriculture,and environmental rights of information and participation of the farmers has not been guaranteed.