静脉给药不良事件常见原因及防治

目的:探究静脉给药不良事件常见原因及防治方法,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:检索数据库查找静脉给药不良事件的相关文献,并对文献分析整理。结果与结论:静脉炎的原因为药物的毒性、pH、渗透压、不溶性微粒、温度、溶剂;可以通过一般方法、冷热敷、中西药防治。药物渗漏的原因有药物因素、血管因素、临床护理操作因素;防治手段除热敷、冷敷、湿敷、中西药防治、封闭外,还可利用拮抗药或解毒剂。血管栓塞与肉芽肿的原因为不溶性微粒进入血管,可以通过建立医院静脉药物配置中心防治。

Common Causes and Prevention and Treatment of Adverse Events Associated with Intravenous Infusion

OBJECTIVE： To explore the common causes and methods for prevention and treatment of the adverse events associated with intravenous infusion, and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS：Related literatures about adverse events associated with intravenous infusion were collected through the database, analyzed and classified. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS： The phlebitis is caused by drug toxicity, pH value, permeability pressure difference, insoluble particles, temperature and solvent of drugs; the methods of prevention and treatment included conventional treatment, hot packs and cold compresses, western medicine and TCM. The influential factors of drug exosmosis include drug, blood vessel and clinical nursing; antagonist or antidote also can be used besides hot packs and cold compresses, hydropathic compress, western medicine and TCM. Insoluble particles entering into blood vessel leads to thrombosis and granuloma, which can be prevented and treated through establishing PIVAS.